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ãã®é±å±±ã¯ Seeis è¿ãã®ãªã³ã¬ã³ãžã£é±åºã Windhoek ã®åæ±ããããã¢ã®ã³ãã¹å·ã«äœçœ®ããŠãããæšæ¬ã®ç£å°è¡šèšã¯å€ãã©ãã«äžã§ã¯ Emke MineãEmka MineãOtjisongati MineããŸã㯠Ogonja Mine ãšããŠãçŸãããããã®åç§°ã¯èªåçãªèŠåãµã€ã³ãšããŠèªãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããç£å°ã®æŽå²ã®äžéšãšããŠçè§£ãããã¹ãã§ãããã¯ãã€ããšå€©ç¶é ã®æšæ¬ã¯ç¹ã« Voitskopf-Maygift 猶èç³»ã«çµã³ã€ããŠãããDamara Orogen ã®åéšåž¯ã®å€æå²©å ã§çºéããé 嫿èç³»ã§ããã
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Search for specimens: View all cuprite specimens from Onganja Mine, Namibia
Onganja Mine is on Helen Farm 235 near Seeis in the Windhoek Rural constituency of Khomas Region, Namibia. Mindat places the locality at 22° 5' 58" S, 17° 27' 41" E, and records the historical names Emke Mine, Emka Mine, Otjisongati Mine, and Ogonja Mine. In the specimen trade, âEmke Mineâ and âOnganja Mineâ are often used interchangeably for the classic cuprite material.
Geologically, Onganja is not a simple oxidized cap on a random copper showing; it is part of a structurally controlled copper district in the Southern Zone of the Damara Orogen. The country rocks include amphibolites, biotite-plagioclase schists, pelitic schists, and related metamorphic lithologies. Modern work describes a history of polyphase deformation, shearing, albitization, calcite and quartz-albite veining, and copper mineralization associated with chalcopyrite, chalcocite, pyrite, magnetite, hematite, molybdenite, and locally native gold. Mooreâs 2010 study classified the system as Neoproterozoic mesothermal Cu(-Au) mineralization, while Halesâ 2024 dissertation argued that the mineralization is best regarded as late-orogenic, shear-related copper mineralization rather than a true IOCG system, despite some IOCG-like features such as Cu-Au-Mo-U-REE association, magnetite/hematite, and albitization.
At the scale most relevant to collectors, the key structure is the Voitskopf-Maygift vein system. The Onganja mine exploited the Voitskopf vein, continuous with the Maygift vein across the Helen 235 and Klein Onganja 148 farm boundary, and the majority of cuprite and native copper specimens are attributed to this vein system. The broader Onganja mining area also includes named veins such as Omahanga, Kronriff, Feldspatriff, Stanley, Kriegsfeldgang, and several lettered veins.
Mining and collecting history are unusually intertwined here. The district has older copper-working history, with published secondary summaries noting copper mining from at least early historic times and more formal company work beginning in the late nineteenth century. The mine was worked intermittently by various operators, and later dump treatment by heap leaching continued into the 1990s. The great specimen era, however, is the early 1970s: large, well-formed cuprite crystals in 1973, and fine primary malachite in 1974. The most famous specimens passed quickly into major private and museum collections, which is why old labels from the mid-1970s carry special weight.æ¡éçŸå ŽãšããŠã¯ããªãŒã³ã¬ã³ãã¯ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¯èœãªåéå ŽæãšãããããééïŒéå ¬éãšããŠæ±ãããã¹ãã§ãã å€å žç㪠Mineralogical Record ã®èšè¿°ã¯ãé±å±±ã¯ééãããŠããæ°Žæ²¡ããŠãããšèª¬æããŠãããä»åŸã®æšæ¬ååã®å¯èœæ§ã¯äœããšããŠããŸãã å®éã«ã¯ãçå£ãªåéå®¶ã¯ãªãŒã³ã¬ã³ãã®é ç (Cuprite)ããçŸå Žã蚪ããããšã§ã¯ãªããæ§åéåã販売æ¥è ã®åšåº«ããªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³ãéããŠå ¥æããŸãã## Onganjaé±å±±ããããã¢ç£ cupriteã®ç¹åŸŽ
Onganjaç£ cupriteã¯ããŸãã¹ã±ãŒã«ã®å€§ããã§è©äŸ¡ãããŸããå€ãã®cupriteç£å°ãããªã¡ãŒãã«çŽãå°ããªãµã ãã€ã«çµæ¶ã§ç¥ãããã®ã«å¯ŸããOnganjaã§ã¯ææã¡ã®æšæ¬ãšããŠç®ç«ã€å€§ããã®çµæ¶ãçç£ãããŸãã«ã¯å®ç³ç²ç²ã«ããªãããšããããŸãã1970幎代ã®å®ç³åŠããŒãã«ã¯ã5 cmãŸã§ã®çµæ¶ããæ£å «é¢äœãåäºé¢äœãç«æ¹äœã®åœ¢ç¶ããæããšèšãããŠããŸãããããã¢ç£é±ç©ã®èŠçŽã§ããããã«å€§ããªçµæ¶ãå ±åãããŠãããèšé²ãšããŠã¯14 cmããã³2.1 kgã«éããŸããçŸè¡é€šã®æšæ¬ã¯ãã®ã¹ã±ãŒã«ãé®®ããã«ç€ºããŠããŸãããªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢åœç«åç©é€šã®ã¢ã«ããŒãã»ãã£ãããã³ã»ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯ã8.5 à 4.5 à 4 cmã®cuprite-on-calciteæšæ¬ãå«ãŸããŠãããåäžã®cupriteçµæ¶ã¯5 à 2.4 cmãšå ±åãããçŽ1973幎é ã«æ¡åãããŸããã
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ãã©ã«ã€ãã¯Onganjaã®é¢é£é±ç©ã§ããã ãã§ãªããcupriteã®ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®äžéšã§ããã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ãªææã®å€ãã¯ãã©ã«ã€ãã§ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããcupriteã§ãããããã€ãã®æšæ¬ã¯cupriteã®åŸã«ãã©ã«ã€ããæ®ãããcupriteã®ã·ã£ãŒããªç«æ¹å «é¢äœåœ¢ãä¿ã€ãã©ã«ã€ãåœçš®ã§ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ããã©ã«ã€ãã§èãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããcupriteçµæ¶ãéšåçã«ãã©ã«ã€ããæž æããcupriteçµæ¶ãcupriteãã»ãšãã©ãŸãã¯å šãèŠããªããªãcupriteã®åœçš®ãã©ã«ã€ããåºå¥ããã¹ãã§ããç³ç°å²©ã¯æãéèŠãªãããªãã¯ã¹ããã³è¡šç€ºã¢ãœã·ãšã€ãã§ããæåãªãªãŒã¹ãã©ãªã¢åœç«åç©é€šã®æšæ¬ã¯ calcite äžã® cuprite ã§ãããå ¬è¡šãããå³ã«ã¯ limonitic ãããªãã¯ã¹äžã« calcite ã«å²ãŸããéç¶ cuprite ãèšé²ãããŠããŸãããã€ãã£ãé ã¯å¥ã®éèŠãª Onganja ã¢ãœã·ãšã€ãã§ãæã«ã¯ cuprite ã®é«ªã®æ¯ã®ãããªå€çš®ã§ãã chalcotrichite ãšäžç·ã«çŸããŸããåœå°ã®ä»ã®èšé²é±ç©ã«ã¯ãç³è±ãç¡«åé ãç¡«åéé±ãããã³ããµã€ããéé é±ç³ãç·é é±ãç£éé±ãç£éé±ãã¢ãªãããã€ããé»éé±ãã«ãã«ããã¿ã³é žéãé äž¹ãæ¹æžãé»ééãæ¹è§£ç³ãªã©ãå«ãŸããŸãããã»ãšãã©ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒåã cuprite æšæ¬ã¯é·ãçš®ã®ãªã¹ãããã cuprite-ãã©ã«ã€ã-ã«ã«ãµã€ã- native copper ã®é¢ä¿ã§è©äŸ¡ãããŸãã
ãªã³ã¬ã³ãžã£ã® cuprite ã®å質ã¯ãå°åç¹æã®èŠå ã®å³å¯ãªã»ããã«ãã£ãŠå€æãããŸããæé«ã®æšæ¬ã¯ãã·ã£ãŒãã§å®å šãªå¹Ÿäœåœ¢ç¶ã瀺ããåãªãå€§èŠæš¡ãªèµ€é žåç©ãšããã ãã§ãªã匷ã圢ãæã¡ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®äžã«èµ€ã cuprite ã®ç®ã«èŠãã蚌æ ããããé åçãªãã©ã«ã€ãã®è³ªæããããæ¬ ãããæ¥è§Šé¢ãå°ãªãããšãæ±ããããŸãã calcite ãå«ããããªãã¯ã¹ã®äŸã¯ãcuprite ãç®ç«ã€å Žåã«ç¹ã«æãŸããããããªãã¯ã¹ã« visually æ²ãã§ããªãããšãéèŠã§ããç¹çްãªãµã ãã€ã«ã¯ã圢ãåæŽã®ãšããå®å šçµæ¶ãåžå°ã§ããããã倧ãããŠæå·ãã pieces ããã䟡å€ãé«ãå ŽåããããŸããä¿¡é Œã§ããæ§æ¥ã®ç£å° provenance â ç¹ã« 1970幎代ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãäž»èŠãã£ãŒã©ãŒç±æ¥ â ã¯ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšæãŸãããé«ããŸãã## Collector Notes
Authentic Onganja cuprite often looks less âredâ than newcomers expect. The classic specimens are commonly coated by malachite, giving green, black-green, or dark velvety surfaces; the red may only appear at a chip, corner, base, or backlit edge. A specimen that is uniformly bright red may still be genuine if cleaned, but its surface history should be understood. Some Onganja cuprites have had malachite mechanically removed, and some examples are described as etched out from beneath a malachite coating. Such cleaning can reveal the coveted wine-red interior but may leave pitted faces or a surface that differs from untouched old material.
The most common condition issues are broken corners, contacted growth areas, bruised high points, and pitted surfaces. Large Onganja crystals were heavy and often coated, so not every chip is visually obvious until the piece is examined under light and magnification. Complete-all-around floaters and undamaged modified octahedra are much scarcer than partial crystals or contacted pieces. For malachite-coated examples, inspect whether the green coating is natural microcrystalline malachite rather than paint, waxy enhancement, or a glued-on repair. I am not aware of a classic, widely documented fake scandal specific to Onganja cuprite, but the value of the material makes ordinary high-end mineral due diligence essential.
Locality confusion is a more realistic concern than outright fakery. Onganja cuprite may appear under Emke, Emka, Ogonja, Otjisongati, Seeis, Windhoek District, or Khomas Region labels. Those names can be legitimate, but vague âNamibiaâ labels deserve closer scrutiny, especially because Tsumeb and other Namibian copper localities also produced cuprite. Conversely, the green malachite-coated Onganja habit is distinctive enough that experienced dealers often recognize it quickly, particularly when the crystal form is sharp and equant.
Rarity is strongest at the high end. Small or damaged examples appear occasionally, but sharp, complete, gemmy, well-proportioned crystals are old-collection pieces and do not circulate in quantity. The mineâs closure and flooding, plus the finite nature of the early-1970s material, mean that availability depends on collection turnover. Faceted Onganja cuprite is rarer still. Even large gems are known, but they are collector stones rather than wearable jewelry stones because cuprite is soft, brittle, and very dark in thick sections.
For buying, prioritize provenance, crystal integrity, and honest surface description. âMalachite removed,â âetched,â âpseudomorph,â and âmalachite-coated cupriteâ describe different things and should not be treated as interchangeable. Strong Onganja pieces are often expensive because they combine classic locality status, historic scarcity, unusual size, and the unusual overlap between specimen and gem significance.## Stories & Field Notes
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Cairncross, Bruce, and Stuart Moir. âThe Onganja Mining District, Namibia.â The Mineralogical Record, 27(2), 85â98, 1996. é±å±±ã®æŽå²ãã¯ãŒãã©ã€ãçºèŠããã©ã«ã€ãçºèŠãæšæ¬ã®æçŸ©ã«é¢ããå¿ èªã®çŸå°æ å ±èšäºã
Hales, Matthew Paul. Geological Setting and Genesis of Vein-hosted Copper Mineralisation at the Onganja Mining District, Namibia. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024. çŸä»£çãªå°è³ªåŠçæ±ãã® districtãåŸæé å±±æã®ããæé¢é£é é±åã匷調ã
Moore, J. M. âComparative Study of the Onganja Copper Mine, Namibia: A Link Between Neoproterozoic Mesothermal Cu(-Au) Mineralization in Namibia and Zambia.â South African Journal of Geology, 113(4), 445â460, 2010. ã¡ãœã¹æž©åž¯é é±ç³»ãèç³»è€åãå€è³ªãé±ç©éåäœãRe-Os ã¢ãªãããã€ã幎代ã®èŠç¹è«æã
Strunz, H., and H. Wilk. âCuprit von Onganja, SW-Afrika.â Der Aufschluss, 26(1), 1â3, 1975. Onganja ã®ã¯ãŒãã©ã€ããç¹ã«åŒçšããåæ publicationã
Dunn, Pete J. âGemmological Notes: Cuprite.â The Journal of Gemmology, 15(3), 113â114, 1976. Onganja ã®å€§ããªã¯ãŒãã©ã€ãçµæ¶ãšãã¡ã»ããæžã¿ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒåãå®ç³ã«é¢ããçããŠãéèŠãªå®ç³åŠçã¡ã¢ã
Australian Museum, âCuprite on Calcite.â Albert Chapman æ§èµã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã® Onganja ã¯ãŒãã©ã€ãæšæ¬ïŒD.50333 ãå«ãã55 ct ã®ã¯ãŒãã©ã€ãå®ç³ãå«ãåç©é€šèšé²ïŒã
Cairncross, Bruce. âThe Mineral Collection of Desmond Sacco, Johannesburg, South Africa.â Rocks & Minerals, 87(5), 410â417, 2012. Desmond Sacco ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ãã Onganja ã¯ãŒãã©ã€ãçµæ¶ 6 x 6 cm ãå«ã¿ãä»ã® Onganja ã¯ãŒãã©ã€ãã«ãèšåã
EarthWonders record: âCuprite, Calcite â Onganja Mine.â Onganja ç±æ¥ã®ã¯ãŒãã©ã€ããå«ãã¢ãã·ã«ã«çµæ¶ãå²ã Calcite ãæ²èŒãã Mineralogical Record å³ã®åçŸã## Videos & Media
âASG1337 Cuprite coated by Malachite, Onganja, Namibiaâ â Crystal Classics Short specimen video showing a malachite-coated Onganja cuprite.
âCopper from Onganja (Emke) Mine, Onganja mining area, Namibiaâ â Fabre Minerals Video of a crystallized native copper specimen from the same classic Onganja/Emke mining area, useful for understanding associated copper habits.
âCuprite pseudomorphosed into malachite, Ogonja mine (Onganja), Namibiaâ â Les Minéraux / Minerals and Crystals Dealer page with a linked specimen video of malachite after cuprite from Onganja.