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åç: Steetley Minerals
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Search for specimens: View all fluorite specimens from Blackdene Mine, UK
Blackdene Mine is located at Ireshopeburn, near Stanhope in County Durham, England, within the North Pennines Orefield. The workings lie north of the River Wear between St Johnâs Chapel and Ireshopeburn. Mindat gives the locality as Blackdene Mine, Ireshopeburn, Stanhope, County Durham, England, UK, with a UK National Grid Reference of NY868390 and coordinates around 54°44â²44â³N, 2°12â²18â³W.
Geologically, the mine worked the Blackdene Vein and related parts of the Slitt and Silverdykes vein system. The Blackdene Vein trends roughly northeast, recorded in the BGS memoir as N60â65°E, and the Silverdykes vein lies on approximately the same line north of the Slitt intersection but dips in the opposite direction. This is not a trivial mapping detail: older interpretations treated Silverdykes as a continuation of Blackdene, while later underground evidence showed a more complicated structural relationship.
The deposit is a hydrothermal vein and ore-shoot system of the Northern Pennine Orefield, a fluoritic subtype of Mississippi Valleyâstyle mineralization. In the Blackdene area, productive ground was controlled by the intersection of open fractures with competent beds such as limestone and sandstone, while weaker shale intervals tended to pinch or close the veins. That alternating Carboniferous stratigraphy explains the mineâs ribbon-like ore shoots: strong beds held open workable vein widths, while softer beds could reduce the vein to gouge or narrow stringers.
The old lead-mining phase is long. The Blackdene workings were developed by the Beaumont Company in the early nineteenth century, but the broader area has evidence of lead mining dating back to at least the early fifteenth century. During the Beaumont period, from 1818 to 1861, Blackdene was credited with 14,198 tons of lead concentrates, including some production from Elmford in 1824â1832. The British Geological Survey memoir notes that producing that concentrate may have involved mining roughly 200,000 tons of ore, much of it from upper levels where miners would have discarded as much barren and gangue material underground as possible.
Fluorspar became important later. Between 1906 and 1939, Messrs Hinchcliff worked some fluorspar from the Blackdene Vein in connection with Elmford operations. J. V. Peart also worked good-quality fluorspar from old workings via Allercleugh Level in 1936â1939, producing 3,754 tons before a collapse to surface ended that effort. United Steel Companies acquired the disused mine in 1949 and launched a major exploration and development campaign. By 1951, two sumps below Blackdene Level had been pumped out; by 1954, much of the old ground above Blackdene Level had been investigated.çŸä»£ã®èç³æ¡æã¯ãã©ãã¯ãã³ Level ã®äžã40ã95ã145ã190ãã£ãŒãã®äœçœ®ã«å±éãããæ§ã¬ãã«ã®äžæ¹çŽ12ã29ã44ã58ã¡ãŒãã«ã«çžåœããããããã®ã¬ãã«ã¯åçŽé±æžãšåã€ã®äž»èŠãªåŸæã«ãã£ãŠäŸçµŠããããå±€äœåŠçç¯å²ã¯ Three Yard Limestone ãã Scar Limestone ã®äžã«ãã Alternating Beds ãŸã§åºãã£ããBGS ã®ã¡ã¢ã¯ãŒã«ã¯ããã®åºéãéåžžãããé 岩ãå°ãªã硬ãå°å±€ãå€ãå«ãŸããŠãããå€ãã®å°åºãããé£ç¶ããé±èãèš±ããã®ã§ãããšèšé²ããŠããïŒå šé·çŽ 2,800 ãã£ãŒãããŸãã¯çŽ 853 ã¡ãŒãã«ã
1973 幎ãŸã§ã«ã¯ããã©ãã¯ãã³é±èã®äž»ãªé±èã¯æ¬è³ªçã«æ¡æå®äºãšèŠãªãããæ¯ææã®ããã®æ®åãé€ãã»ãšãã©æãå°œããããŠããããã®åŸãé±å±±ã¯ Slitt Vein ãžã®éç¹ãç§»ããã1962 幎ãSlitt Vein ã®éçºãè¿ã¥ããšãRidleyâs Crosscut ããã®äœè§åºŠããŒãªã³ã°ã§ææãªèç³ã®å¹ ã確èªãããã95ãã£ãŒã level ããã®ã¯ãã¹ã«ãããšåŸã® 195ãã£ãŒã level ããã®æ¥ç¶ã«ãããBritish Steel ããNorth Slittãé±èãšåŒãã é±äœãéãããããã®é±äœã¯çŽ 1,000 à 170 ãã£ãŒããããªãã¡çŽ 304 à 52 ã¡ãŒãã«ã«éããå¹ ã¯æå€§ 14 ãã£ãŒãããŸã㯠4.2 ã¡ãŒãã«ãå¹³åçŽ 5.5 ãã£ãŒããããªãã¡ 1.7 ã¡ãŒãã«ã§ãã£ãã1972 幎ã«ã¯ã»ãŒæ¡æããå°œãããŠããã
ãã©ãã¯ããé±å±±å šäœã®èšé²åºéã¯ãBlackdene Vein ãš substantial Slitt Vein ã®é±èãå«ããŠãç²èç³ãšããŠçŽ 364,406 ãã³ããŸã 37äž 0,237 ãã³ãåŸæã®èç³æ¡ææã«ã¯é粟é±çŽ 4,500 ãã³ã§ãã£ããé±å±±ã¯æçµçã« British Steel ãçµãŠ Weardale Mining and Processing ãçµãŠã1987 幎ã«éå±±ãããåŸæããå€ããããæè¿ã®é±åºã¯çŸåšæ°Žæ²¡ããŠãããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¯èœãªåºåã¯å€§å¹ ã«åæ¢ç¶æ ãšããŠèšè¿°ãããŠãããæ®åã®ãã³ãã¯çãèã£ãŠãããæšæ¬æºãšããŠã¯æå³ããªããªããããã§ã®æ¡éã¯ééãµã€ããšããŠæ±ããèš±å¯éå®äºé ãç§æå°ã»äžå®å®å°ç€ã»æ°Žæ²¡ thereinããããŠé±å±±ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®æ³çå¶éã«æ³šæããå¿ èŠãããã## Blackdene MineïŒUKïŒã®èç³ã®ç¹åŸŽ
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èå ã¯å¥ã®åè³ªææšã§ãããã©ãã¯ãã³èç³ã¯çŽ«éè²ç³»ã®åŒ·ãèå ã瀺ããéåžžã¯çŽ«è²ããã£ãéããéã¿ããã£ãè²èª¿ã§ãããã€ãã®æšæ¬ã¯æ¥å äžã§ã®åå¿ã perceptible ã«ç€ºããŸãããã®å¹æã¯ãæåãªã°ãªãŒã³ãã€ã©ã€ãèå ã® Rogerley ã Diana Maria ãããªã¢ã«ãšåãåéã«ããŽãªã§ã¯ãããŸããããèªç¶å ã®äžã§å€åããããŸãã¯é·æ³¢é·çŽ«å€ç·ã§é®®ããã«å ããã©ãã¯ãã³æšæ¬ã«ã¯ããããªãèå³ãåŒãèŠçŽ ããããã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ãªãŠã£ã¢ããŒã«ç£ç©ãšããŠã®èå¥ããããããªã£ãŠããŸãã## Collector Notes
Blackdene is a closed classic locality, so old labels, provenance, and collection history carry real weight. Labels naming Blackdene Mine, Ireshopeburn, Weardale, County Durham, or Blackdene Mine, Stanhope, are all commonly encountered. Better labels may specify Slitt Vein, Silverdykes Vein, Blackdene Vein, a collection name, or a 1970s recovery date. These details matter because Blackdene specimens overlap visually with fluorite from Frazerâs Hush, Cambokeels, Heights, Boltsburn, and other Weardale mines.
The most common authenticity issue is not synthetic fluorite or artificial coloring, but misattribution. Purple Weardale fluorites with quartz, galena, calcite, or chalcopyrite can be visually similar across mines. Blackdene attribution is strongest when several indicators agree: purple or lavender cubic fluorite; modified bright galena; chalcopyrite dusting; quartz matrix or coating; stepped elongated growth; and an old label or credible dealer provenance. Straw-yellow or amber Slitt/Silverdykes pieces require especially careful provenance because they are less immediately recognizable to collectors who know only the purple Blackdene style.
There is no well-established, locality-specific treatment tradition for Blackdene fluorite comparable to the dyeing or irradiation problems seen in some other mineral markets. Still, fluorite is soft, brittle, and cleaves perfectly in four directions, so undisclosed repairs are always possible on old cabinet specimens. Large fluorite plates with heavy galena are especially vulnerable to shock. Check for glue lines along cube contacts, reattached galena crystals, repaired matrix breaks, and cleverly hidden contacts under quartz or calcite. A shortwave and longwave UV lamp can sometimes reveal glue, but a careful loupe examination under white light remains essential.
Condition is the great discriminator. Edge bruising, corner cleaves, scuffed cube faces, and broken galena corners are common. Some Blackdene specimens are naturally incomplete where they detached from a cavity wall; that is not the same as post-collection damage, but it should be reflected in price and display quality. Minor edge rubs on an old Weardale specimen may be acceptable, especially if the piece has strong form or provenance. Fresh cleaves on a main crystal, dull galena faces, or unstable pyrite/chalcopyrite coatings are more serious.æé«ã®å±ç€ºåã¯ãããã€ãã®ã«ããŽãªã«åãããåŸåããããŸãã匷ãéç·éé±ïŒã¬ã¬ãïŒãšãšãã«çŸãã玫è²ã®èå é·ç³ã䌞é·ããéæ®µç¶ã®çŽ«è²èç³ã®ãããŒãã玫è²èç³ãšã«ã«ã³ãã€ã©ã€ãã®èŒããã¯ãªãŒããæ¹è§£ç³ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã³ããã¯ã£ããããèç³ããããŠçããSlitt/Silverdykesã®é» or é»è²ç³»ã¢ã³ããŒã®ãã€ã³ãå°ããªãµã ãã€ã«ããããã¥ã¢ãäŸç¶ãšããŠçŸããŸããã匷ãçŸèгãæã€Blackdeneã®æšæ¬ã¯ãåééã®çŽ æãšããŠã®æ§è³ªãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸããæè¿ã®å ¬çãã£ãŒã©ãŒããªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ãªã¹ãã§ã¯ãæ§ãããªå°åãæé ãªäŸ¡æ Œã§å£²è²·ããããæäŸããããããŠãããéãã¬ã¬ãã®ãã倧ããªãã£ããããæ¿ãèç³ã®åºããã匷ããã®ããããŠå€ãæ¥æŽãæã€ãã®ã¯æ°åãã«ã«éããããšããããŸãã
ä¿ç®¡ãšå±ç€ºã®ããã«ãBlackdeneèç³ã¯è£ 食åãšããŠã§ã¯ãªãå€å žçãªé±ç©ãšããŠæ±ã£ãŠãã ãããé·æéçŽå°æ¥å ãé¿ããæ¯åãé¿ããåŒ·ãæž æããããšã¯é¿ããŠãã ãããå®å®ããã¯ãªãŒã-èç³ã®æšæ¬ã«ã¯æ°Žãšæããããã©ã·ãé©ããŠããå ŽåããããŸãããééé±ãã«ã«ã³ãã€ã©ã€ããé»éé±ãæ¹è§£ç³ããããŠå€ãä¿®åŸ©ã¯æž æãé£ããããŸããé žãé¿ããŠãã ãããæ¹è§£ç³ã¯å®¹æã«äŸµãããééé±ãç¡«åç©ã¯è匱ã«ãªãå¯èœæ§ããããå€ãæ¥çå€ã®ä¿®åŸ©ãé²åºãŸãã¯åŒ±åããããšããããŸããæšæ¬ã«å€ãã©ãã«ãããå Žåã¯å¥ã«ä¿è·ããæšæ¬ãšãšãã«åçãæ®ã£ãŠãã ãããBlackdeneã®å Žåãæ¥æŽã¯æšæ¬ã®äžéšã§ãã## Stories & Field Notes
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æåã®å åã¯çŽ«è²ã®èç³ã§ã¯ãªãã㯠crusherã«äŸçµŠãã belts ã®èŒãã ã£ããWardã¯éãéããéã«èŠãŠãæ®éã®é±ç³ãåãã¹ãå Žæã§çœãç³è±çµæ¶ãã¡ãã€ããŠããã®ãæãåºããããã®åå¿ã¯å®çšçã§ãæä»£ã®é°å²æ°ããã衚ããŠãã: å€å€ã®äººã«ããŒã«æ°æ¯ãæž¡ããããããæ§åéã®å€ééäžã§æ¢ãŸãéšå±ãžéãããåºãŠããã®ã¯è¶ çŸå®çã ã£ããæ§å°ç€ã®éã®åŸã«ã¯ãéäžã®åºãæãããååè»ããã£ãŒãžã®äžã«çœ®ãããç£æ¥åå Žã®å°éå ·ã®ããã ã£ãã
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æã«ã¯çºèŠã®äŸ¡å€ãäœã«è¡šããŠãããåœŒã®æãšæã¯ãã³ããéãæ¹è§£ç³ã®åãå·ãæãšè ã«åºãããèããè¡ãæµããŠããã groupã¯äœåãã®æšæ¬ãè©°ã蟌ã¿ã1ã€ã³ãçšåºŠã®ãã®ãã1ãã£ãŒã以äžã®å€§ããã®æšæ¬ãŸã§éãã ãäœæ¥ãæ¢ããæç¹ã§ãWardã¯æŽçªãã»ãŒ15ã€ãŒãé²ãã§ããããã±ããã¯ãŸã çµãã£ãŠããªãã£ãã
ããããé±å±±ã®æèšã圌ãã远ãå§ãããæã®äœæ¥ãå°çããããšããŠããã圌ãã¯æåŸã®è¢ãç©ã¿èŸŒã¿ãéäžãäžãžåŒãäžããŠéãã ããéããŠããé±å€«ãã¡ãšééãããè±åºã¯çŽç²ãªã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ folkloreã ã£ã: åžœåãåæ¹ãžåŸããæ©ãç¶ããéšããªããé±å€«ã¯åœŒããã»ãšãã©èŠãŠããªãã£ããæ°ååŸãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãã¡ã¯é§è»å Žã暪åããã©ã³ãããŒããŒã«ä¹ã蟌ã¿ãå»ã£ãŠãã£ããå€ãããã³ããã¯ã«èªãã®ã¯ä»ãšãªã£ãŠã¯å®¹æã ããéèŠãªé±ç©åŠçãã€ã³ãã¯ããå ·äœçã§ããïŒãã©ãã¯ãã³ã¯ã忥çšãã«ãªãç³ã®å°è¡šãäžã€ã®å倧ãªã€ã³ã°ã©ã³ãç£ã fluorite ã®ç£å°ã®äžã€ãžãšå€ããèŠæš¡ã§ãæšæ¬ã®ç©ºæŽãçã¿åºãèœåãæã£ãŠããã ãã®è©±ã¯ããªãå€ãã®ãã©ãã¯ãã³æšæ¬ãæŠåæã«ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«å ¥ã蟌ãã ã®ãããããŠå€ããã©ãã¯ãã³ã®æšæ¬ã倿§ãªãµã€ãºãšçµã¿åããã§çŸããçç±ã説æããŠããã ãŸããæé«å質ã®çŽ æã®æ§æ Œã説æããŠããïŒå»ºç¯çã«å€§ããªçµæ¶ã®ãã«ãªãç³ãç ç³ãã«ããããã±ãããé²åãããã«ã¯ã£ãããšèŒãç³è±ãç®èãåãã®ã«ååéãæ¹è§£ç³ããããŠçŠç€«ã®äžã§ããããé»éé±ã## Mineralogical Records & Publications
K. C. Dunham, Geology of the Northern Pennine Orefield, Volume I: Tyne to Stainmore, British Geological Survey Memoir â Blackdene ã®æ¬è³ªçãªå°è³ªåŠã»é±æ¥å²æºãšãªãè³æãèã®æ¹äœãããŒã¢ã³ãæã®éçç£ãé«éã®ã Fluorite éçºãé±èã·ã§ããã®å¯žæ³ãç·ç²ãã«ãªã©ã€ãçç£éãå«ãã
Blackdene Mine locality page, Mindat â Blackdene Mine ã®ã³ã¢æåšå°èšé²ã座æšãç¶æ ãé±ç©ãªã¹ããé¢é£é±ç©ãå±¥æŽãæ¡éã¢ã¯ã»ã¹äžã®æ³šæç¹ãå«ãã
Fluorite occurrence page for Blackdene Mine, Mindat â çš®ç¹ç°çãªãã«ãªã©ã€ãèšé²ãšé¢é£é±ç©çµ±èšãæ¯èŒçšã®å€§èŠæš¡åçã»ããã
Mindat gallery for Blackdene Mine â 玫è²ãã«ãªã©ã€ããSlitt Vein ç±æ¥ã®ææãæ¹éé±ã®çµã¿åãããæ¹è§£ç³é¢é£ãèŒé çªé·ç³è¢«èŠãçµæ¶ãµã€ãºãæ§åéåãªã©ã瀺ãæçšãªèŠèŠè³æã
Fluorite: The Collectorâs Choice, ExtraLapis English No. 9 â Mindat èšé²ã§ Blackdene ã®çš®ã«ãããåºçŸæ å ±ãšããŠåŒçšããããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒåãã®ãã«ãªã©ã€ãåè¡ç©ã
Fabre Minerals reference specimens, Western Europe â ãã«ãªã©ã€ããšæ¹éé±ããã³ç³è±/æ¹è§£ç³ã®é¢é£ãå«ã Blackdene ã®å®äŸãå«ããæšæ¬ãµã€ãºãšåºæããŒãä»ãã®èšé²æšæ¬ã
British Museum of Natural History specimen reference in the Mindat Blackdene gallery â Blackdene ç£ã®é»éé± on æ¹è§£ç³æšæ¬ããè±åœèªç¶å²åç©é€šã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«æèµãããŠããã catalog #1960,514ã## ãããªãèªè§£ãšå€éšãªã³ã¯
Steetley Minerals â Weardale â 玫è²ã®ç«æ¹äœãå¡ç¶æµ®éçµæ¶ãé»é é±ã®ç²æ«ãSilverdykes ã®æ·¡ã麊ããè²ã fluoriteãæ¹è§£ç³ãéäºéé±ã®ãçç¶ãçµæ¶ãéå¡ã措氎ãªã©ãå«ãèŠç¹ãæããåªãã locality ã®æŠèŠã
Campylite â Blackdene â Pete Ward ã®å®å°æ¡é narration ãšã®ã£ã©ãªãŒãå€éãäœæ¥ããã巚倧㪠Blackdene ã®ç©ºæŽã«é¢ããå¿ããããªãèšè¿°ãå«ãã
BGS Earthwise â Northern Pennine Orefield â é é±åºã®å°è³ªèæ¯ãèã®ã¿ã€ãããã©ãããå£å²©ã®æ¯é ãé±ç©ã®å垯ãã fluorite ã«å¯ãäžå€®åž¯ã
BGS Earthwise â Mineral veins, North Pennines â North Pennine ã®èãšãã©ããæ²æ®¿ãé±èãã¬ã³ã°ç¿ç©ãã fluorite 垯ã®åããããã説æã
BGS Earthwise â Northern Pennine Orefield: Weardale and Nenthead excursion â Slitt VeinãGreat Limestone ã®çœ®æãWeardale ã® fluorspar é±ç©åã®å°åçèæ¯ã«åœ¹ç«ã€æ å ±ã
Wendel Minerals â Fluorite & Galena from Blackdene Mine â Blackdene ã®æ¥å èå ã0.7 cm ã®æ°Žæ¶æž æŸã fluorite ç«æ¹äœãåæ¶ãæ¹éé±ã®é¢é£ãèšé²ãããã£ãŒã©ãŒä¿ç®¡ cabinet æšæ¬ã
Crystal Classics â Galena on Fluorite from Blackdene Mine â 寞æ³ãééãç¶æ ããŒããæ¹éé±ã®ãµã€ãºãé»é é±ã®ãã£ããŒã«ãGeorge Farr ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®åºæã瀺ã倧容é cabinet æšæ¬ã
Thomson Minerals â Fluorite & Galena, Blackdene Mine â ã©ãã³ããŒè²ã®èå ã瀺ãå°å1974å¹Žæšæ¬ãçžäºè²«å ¥åæ¶ãæ¹éé±ã®é¢é£ãé·æ³¢é·UVèå ã匷ãã
Minfind â Fluorite & Galena, Blackdene Mine â Blackdene ããŒã¹ã®ãµã€ãºãèå ãåæ¶ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒåžå Žã®çšèªã«é¢ããæçšãªã¢ãŒã«ã€ãåžå Žãªã¹ãã
MineralAuctions â Fluorite, classic material, Blackdene Mine â èœæçµäºäŸãšããŠã4.2 cm ã®åéæçŽ«è²ã®ç«æ¹äœãç·è²ã®èç³ãããªã¯ã¹ãç³è±ãšæ¹éé±ã®é¢é£ãSW 玫å€ç·èå ã瀺ãã