
Bisbee cuprite ã¯ãå€ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®é é±ç©åé¡ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããéããæããéå±ã®ããã«èŠããå¡ããçµæ¶ã®çžã匷ãå ãåãããšçªç¶ã¯ã€ã³ã¬ããããã§ãªãŒã¬ããããŸãã¯ã«ããŒè²ã«èŒããŸããåŸå¹Žã®äžççç£å°ã§æåã«ãªã£ãã¬ã©ã¹ç¶ã§ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«èŠæš¡ã®èµ€è²ã®ãã¥ã©ã€ãã§ã¯ãããŸããïŒBisbee ã®é åã¯ããæŽå²çã§ã質æçã§ãã¯ãŒã¬ã³é±å±±å°åºã®é žåé é±åºãšå¯æ¥ã«çµã³ã€ããŠããŸããæè¯ã®æšåã¯ã巚倧ãªãã¥ã©ã€ãäžã«å¯åºŠãé«ãå æ²¢ã®ããç軞æ¶ã native copperãlimoniteãgoethiteãmalachiteããŸã㯠calcite ãšçµã¿åãããèµ€ãé žåç©ã Bisbee ã®é±åºå°è³ªãšåéå®¶ã®é±ç©åŠãçµã¶èŠèŠçæ©æž¡ããšããŠæ©èœããŸãã

åç: Wikimedia Commons
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åéå®¶ã¯äžã€ã®éãªãåè³ªãæ¢ããŸãã第äžã¯çµæ¶ã®å®çŸ©ïŒéãç«æ¹äœãç«æ¹ããããå «é¢äœä¿®é£Ÿã®ç«æ¹äœããŸãã¯ããããããªã¥ãŒã¹ã§ããããã èµ€è²ã®åç¶é±ç©ã§ã¯ãããŸããã第äºã¯è²åå¿ïŒå€ãã® Bisbee ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«ã¯æ¥åžžå ã®äžã§ã»ãŒé»è²ãŸãã¯ã¬ã³ã¡ã¿ã«ã«èŠããŸãããç¹çްãªçµæ¶ã¯ãšããžéšãéå ã§æ·±çŽ ã®éææã瀺ããŸãã第äžã¯æèïŒCopper QueenãCzarãHolbrookãCampbellãIrish MagãCalumet and ArizonaãSouthwest MineãLavender Pit ãªã©ã®æ§ã©ãã«ã¯éèŠã§ãããªããªããBisbeeãã¯åºã䜿ãããå°åºåã§ãããå€ã Bisbee ã®é é±ç©ãçŸå¹Žä»¥äžã«ãããæµéããŠããããã§ãã

*åç: Wikimedia Commons*Bisbeeã§æãããç¥ãããåéå®¶ãšããŠã®å声ã¯ããŸãã¢ãºã©ã€ãããã©ã«ã€ããã·ã£ããã¥ã«ã€ããé ãæ¹è§£ç³ããããŠå°åºã®çããäºæ¬¡é±ç©çš®ã«åããããããšãå€ãã§ãããã¯ã€ãŒãã©ã€ãã¯ãã®ãã¹ãŠã®æŽå²ã«ç¹ã蟌ãŸããŠããŸããæ¹è§£ç³ãèµ€ãçè²ããé ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããã¬ããµã³ã®ããŒã€ã°ãç·ç¶ã«èµ°ãããããããèµ€ãç¹ç¶ã®äžã«ã«ã«ã³ããªã«ã€ããšããŠçŸããããã€ãã®æ³šç®ã«å€ããäºæ¬¡é é±ç©ã®å®¿äž»ç°å¢ãšããŠæ©èœããŸããçå£ãªBisbeeé±ç©ã»ããã¯ãè¯è³ªãªã¯ã€ãŒãã©ã€ããæ¬ ããŠãããšäžå®å šã«æããããŸãã## Featured Specimens
Search for specimens: View all cuprite specimens from Bisbee, Arizona, USA
Bisbee lies in the Mule Mountains of Cochise County, southeastern Arizona, in the historic Warren mining district. The district began with the 1877 discovery of mineralization in the Mule Mountains and grew into the âQueen of the Copper Camps,â a name that is not collector folklore but a reflection of a real mining camp that produced enormous quantities of copper, silver, gold, lead, zinc, and manganese over nearly a century of operation.
The cuprite belongs principally to Bisbeeâs oxidized and supergene copper story. The classic underground mines exploited irregular replacement ore bodies in Paleozoic carbonate rocks, especially the Devonian Martin Limestone, the Mississippian Escabrosa Limestone, and the Pennsylvanian-Permian Naco Limestone, cut and influenced by intrusive bodies, dikes, sills, faults, and brecciation around the Sacramento stock system. Earlier hydrothermal events introduced pyrite and copper sulfides; later oxidation and enrichment produced the famous secondary copper suite. In that oxidized zone, cuprite formed with native copper, malachite, brochantite, chrysocolla, calcite, limonite, and, locally, rarer copper species.
Frederick Leslie Ransomeâs early twentieth-century work remains essential because he saw the district while major underground workings were active. He described cuprite as an abundant and important ore constituent at Bisbee, present both as impure earthy material mixed with limonite and clays and as crystalline masses associated with native copper. He also separated the richer, more crystalline occurrences in the Calumet and Arizona workings from the more commonly earthy cuprite then seen in much of the Copper Queen.
The Copper Queen mine was the original great mine of the district and became the name most collectors know. Its workings connected through the Czar, Holbrook, Spray, Gardner, Queen inclined, Hayes, and related shafts and openings. The Holbrook, Czar, and Campbell names are especially important on labels because they narrow âBisbeeâ from a district name to a particular mine environment. The Calumet and Arizona side of the camp, including Irish Mag and Junction-related workings, also produced significant cuprite, including rich crystal specimens associated with native copper.
Open-pit mining later changed the physical landscape. The Lavender Pit, worked principally in the mid-twentieth century, exploited low-grade disseminated chalcocite and related copper mineralization in a brecciated porphyry plug adjoining altered Paleozoic limestones along the Dividend fault. The Lavender Pit produced roughly 75 million tons of ore between 1954 and 1970 and also removed or exposed parts of older underground ground, which is why some specimens from Bisbee carry hybrid or historically complicated labels.ãã¹ããŒã®åæ¥æ¡æã¯1970幎代ã«çµäºããé²å€©æãã¯å¶éãããå°äžæ¡æã¯1975幎ã«åæ¢ããããã®åŸã®æµžåºã«ããå°éã®é ãååãããããäž»èŠãªæšæ¬ååã®æä»£ã¯çµãã£ãŠãããçŸåšãéèŠãªæ§æ¡æè·¡ã¯æ¡éå¯èœãªå°ã§ã¯ãªããããã€ãã¯ç§æå°ã§ãããã€ãã¯æŽå²çãªé±å±±èŠåŠã€ã³ãã©ã®äžéšã§ãããã©ãã³ããŒãããã¯æ¡éå Žæãšãããã屿å°ããã³ç£æ¥éºç£ãµã€ãã§ãããåžå Žã«åºåãæ£åŒãªãã¹ããŒç£ã¯ã«ãã€ãã¯ãã»ãšãã©ãæ§ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³çŽ æããªãµã€ã¯ã«ããããã£ãŒã©ãŒã¹ããã¯ããŸãã¯é·ãç§çæ¥æŽãæã€æšæ¬ã§ããã## Bisbee, Arizona, USA ã® cuprite ã®ç¹åŸŽ
æãå žåç㪠Bisbee ã® cuprite ã¯å¡ç¶ããããªã¥ã·ãŒã§ãæ·±çŽ è²ããã»ãŒé»è²ã«è¿ããéé žåç©ãšå¯æ¥ã«é¢é£ããŠããã现ããªæšæ¬ã¯ãå¡ç¶ cuprite ããŽããµã³ã®äžã«æ£ãã°ãå æ²¢ã®ããç軞æ¶ã瀺ããæ®éã®å®€å å ã§ã¯ãçµæ¶ã¯é»è²ãè¶è€è²é»ãéå±ç°è²ããŸãã¯æ·±ããã«ãŒã³ã«èŠããããšãããã匷ãå ãéå ã§ã¯ãåªããçµæ¶ã cuprite ã®èµ€ãçŸããåäžãªéæãªæ¬äœè²ãšããããããèŒãçžãšããŠçŸããããšãå€ãã
çµæ¶åœ¢ã¯éåžžãåçŽã§å匷ãããã¥ãŒãããã¥ãŒãäžã®å «é¢äœå€çš®ãç«æ¹å «é¢äœããããåã®å€åœ¢ãæã€çµæ¶ãªã©ãã©ã³ã¹ã 㯠Calumet ãšã¢ãªãŸãé±å±±ã§ãåçŽãªãã¥ãŒããšå «é¢äœããã³ããã圢ã§ä¿®é£Ÿããããã¥ãŒããææãããåŸã®åžå Žãåç©é€šã®æšæ¬èª¬æãåãåŸåãç¹°ãè¿ããŠãããå°ãããéããéå±çã§ãèµ€ã¿ã®åŒ·ãçµæ¶ãå€ããçŽåŸæ°ããªçšåºŠã ããã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒãšããŠã®çµæ¶ã¯ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«çŽã®çµæ¶ãèåãªåºåã®ç¹åŸŽãšããŠæããããã
å®çšçãªãµã€ãºã¬ã€ãã圹ç«ã€ãå€ãã®ç«æŽŸãª Bisbee ã® cuprite ã¯çµæ¶ãçŽ 2â5 mmçšåºŠã§ããã該åœç¯å²ã«éãçµæ¶ãè±å¯ã«ããæšæ¬ã¯ãèŒããšè²ãè¯ããã°éåžžã«é åçãšãªãåŸããåå¿çšåºŠã®çµæ¶ãçŽ 1 cm ã«éããã®ã¯ãã®ç£å°ã§ã¯çãããªãã Bisbee ã®èšè¿°ã§å€§ããªãcupriteãã®æž¬å®å€ãšããŠçšããããã®ã¯ããã°ãã°æšæ¬å šäœãå¡ç¶ cuprite ãè±å¯ãªé±äœããããã¯éé亀éäœã®å ŽãšããŠã®é åã§ãããåäžã®èªç±ç«çµæ¶ã§ã¯ãªãã
髪ç¶ã® cuprite ã®åçš®ã§ããã«ã«ãã¯ãªã¿ã€ãã¯ãæãé åçã§ãããªããå£ãããã Bisbee 衚çŸã®1ã€ã§ãããé®®çŽ ãããŒã³ã¿çŽ ããŸãã¯è¡çŽ ã®éç¶æãšãä¿è·ãããå¹éšã®èŒãæç¹ãšããŠçŸãããè¯è³ªãª Bisbee ã®ã«ã«ãã¯ãªã¿ã€ãã¯ãå¡ç¶ãããªã¥ã·ãŒ cuprite ããã¯ããã«å°ãªããæ¡ä»¶ã«ææã§ãããæé«ã®äŸã¯ãä¹±ãã®ãªããã±ãã衚é¢ã«äŸåãããã©ã·ãããå¹ãé£ã°ããéåºŠã®æŽæµãåããŠããªããã®ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã
å ±çé±ç©ã¯ãã®å Žæã®ç¹åŸŽã®äžéšã§ãããæãç¹åŸŽçãªäŒŽçç©ã¯å€©ç¶é ããã©ã«ã€ããé žåéãã³ã¬ã³ãã²ãªãµã€ããæ¹è§£ç³ãåéç³ãããã³ãç³ãã¯ãªãœã³ãŒã©ãã«ã³ã³ãµã€ããããã©ã€ãããããŠç¹å¥ãªçµæã§ã¯ãã©ã¡ã©ã³ãã€ããã³ããªããããã£ã«ã³ã¢ã«ããã€ããã®ããµã€ãããã©ãã©ãµã€ãããã®ä»ã® Bisbee ã®çåã§ããã倩ç¶é äžã® cuprite ã¯ã以åã®éå±é ã®è¡šé¢åšå²ã«åœ¢æãããèµ€é žåç©ãèšé²ããç¹ã§ç¹ã«æºè¶³æãããããã©ã«ã€ããšå ±çãã cuprite ã¯èµ€ãšç·ã®åŒ·ã察æ¯ãäžããããå€ãã®æšæ¬ã¯çŸèгçã«ã¯ç¡å·ã§ãããé±ç©åŠçã«ã¯ããè峿·±ãå Žåããããé çé±åºã® CzareïŒCzarïŒãªã©ããèŠããããèµ€ã§çè²ããæ¹è§£ç³ã¯ããã¹ããŒç¬ç¹ã®å€èгãæã€ãæé«ã®ãã¹ããŒã»ãã¥ãŒãã©ã€ãæšæ¬ã¯ã鱿ºã®è±å¯ããšçŸèгã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãåã£ãŠããŸããèµ€è²é žåç©ã®å·šå€§ãªå¡ã¯æŽå²çã«ã¯æ¬ç©ãããã§ãããèŠèŠçã«ã¯å¹³åŠã«æ ãããšããããŸãïŒäžæ¹ã§ãé žåéãããã¬ã€ãã€ãäžã®éãçµæ¶ãå°ããªçªªã¿ãšããŠæã€æšæ¬ã¯ãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãºã¢ã€ãã ãšããŠäŸ¡å€ãé«ããªãããšããããŸããéèŠãªå質èŠå ã«ã¯ãæããå æ²¢ãå²ãã®ãªãçµæ¶é¢ãèµ€è²ã®åéææ§ãèŠããããšããŸãšãŸãã®ããåºè³ªãé ãåéç³ãšã®æç¢ºãªçµã³ã€ãããããŠä¿¡é Œã§ããå€ãã©ãã«ãå«ãŸããŸããäžçŽã®ãã¹ããŒã»ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ããµã€ãºãšåæ§ã«æ£ç¢ºãªé±å±±åãéèŠãšãªãããšããããŸãã## Collector Notes
Bisbee cuprite is usually not difficult to identify as cuprite, but it can be difficult to evaluate as a Bisbee specimen. The district produced abundant earthy red copper oxide ore, but truly aesthetic crystallized pieces are much less common. Old specimens may be labeled simply âBisbee,â âCopper Queen,â or âCochise Co.,â and that vagueness is normal for early material. More precise labels to Czar, Holbrook, Campbell Shaft, Irish Mag, Southwest Mine, or Lavender Pit deserve attention, but they should still be judged against the mineral association, matrix, and provenance.
The most important authenticity issue is not laboratory faking so much as mislocality. Red cuprite with green malachite is found at many copper localities, and rich cuprite-on-malachite specimens from the Congo Copperbelt, Chessy-style European material, and modern world localities can be confused with, or over-optimistically relabeled as, Bisbee. A documented collector discussion involved a specimen with both a Shaba, Congo label and a Lavender Pit, Bisbee label; experienced collectors noted that the specimen did not look typical of much Lavender Pit cuprite-malachite material. That is exactly the sort of problem to watch for: not necessarily a fake mineral, but a locality story that needs proof.
There are also label-language traps. âMalachite after cupriteâ or âazurite after cupriteâ describes a pseudomorph or replacement relationship and may contain little or no remaining cuprite. âCuprite-colored calciteâ may mean calcite included or stained by cuprite rather than discrete cuprite crystals. âCopper with cupriteâ may be a thin red alteration film on native copper, which can be perfectly natural but should not be priced like a crystallized cuprite specimen.
Condition is a major value driver. Cuprite has only moderate hardness and can chip along exposed crystal edges. Many Bisbee crystals are partly oxidized or coated, so a black or gray exterior is not automatically damage, but broken faces, rubbed high points, and dull cleaned surfaces matter. Limonite and gossan matrices can be friable. Malachite coatings may be soft or velvety. Chalcotrichite is extremely vulnerable: loose needles, dusty-looking cavities, or flattened tufts often indicate handling, vibration, or aggressive cleaning.
Cleaning should be conservative. Strong acids and harsh mechanical cleaning can ruin the associations that make Bisbee cuprite recognizable. Much of the best material looks like old oxidized ore because that is exactly what it is; trying to brighten every surface can erase patina, destroy malachite fibers, loosen gossan, or remove context.åžå Žã®å ¥ææ§ã¯äžåäžã§ããå°åã®å€ããã¹ããŒã»ãã¥ãŒãã©ã€ãïŒã¯ã¬ã¹ã¿ã«ã¯ããªã¡ãŒãã«çŽã®ãã®ïŒã宿çã«çŸããå°éã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®æã«å±ãããšããããŸããè±ããªçµæ¶ã瀺ãå°åãã£ããããçŽæšæ¬ããç¡«ç éç³ïŒãã£ã«ã³ããªã«ã€ãïŒã匷ã倩ç¶é ã®çµæãéèŠãªç±æ¥ãæã€ããŒã¹ã¯äŸ¡æ Œãæ¥éš°ããŸããåªãããã¹ããŒã»ãã¥ãŒãã©ã€ãã¯åãªãçš®æšæ¬ã§ã¯ãªããééãããå€å žçå°åºã®æŽå²ç㪠object ã§ããããã®ç±æ¥ãã¬ãã¢ã ã¯çŸå®çã§ãã## Stories & Field Notes
1902幎ãã©ã³ãµã ã¯æ¡æãåç©é€šã®æŽå²ãšããããããŸã çããå°è³ªã ã£ãæä»£ã®ãã¹ããŒãèŠãŠããã Calumet and Arizona é±å±±ã®åœŒã®èšè¿°ã¯ãé±å±±å²³ã®ããããã®äžã§ä¿åããã忢ããç¬éã®ããã«èªããïŒæ·±ã950ãã£ãŒãã®ã¬ãã«ã§ãäºæžã®åæ±çŽ650ãã£ãŒãã®å°ç¹ã§ãèµ€é é±ããããããæ¿ç¶ãã«é²åºããæããéå±é ã®æš¹ç¶å¡ãè²«å ¥ããŠãããéç¶ã®ç·é 瀊ã®å°ããªç©ºæŽãç¹åšããŠããã ãã®åã¯çŽç²ãªãã¹ããŒã®é¢šæ¯ã ââé žåéèµ€ãèªç¶éå±ãç·è²ã®éç¶çµæ¶ããã¹ãŠç¡«åé±ç³ã倿ãããŠéç³é±ç©åŠãžãšå€ãã£ãŠããäžéšé žå垯ã§è²ãŸããŠããã
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Ransome, F. L. (1904), The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Bisbee Quadrangle, Arizona, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 21 â å°åºã®åºç€çãªå°è³ªè§£èª¬ã§ãã¯ããµã€ãã倩ç¶é ãé žåé±ç³ãCopper Queen ããã³ Calumet and Arizona ã®æ¡æã«ã€ããŠã®åæèгå¯ãå«ãã
Ransome, F. L. (1904), Description of the Bisbee Quadrangle, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Folio 112 â é±äœåœ¢æ ãé±å±±ã® workingsãé žå垯ã®é±ç©éåã®ç¹ã«æçšãªèŠçŽãåããç°¡æœãªä»é²ã
Graeme, Richard W. (1981), âFamous Mineral Localities: Bisbee,â The Mineralogical Record, Vol. 12, No. 5 â Bisbee ã«é¢ããå€å žçãªã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒèšäºã§ãBisbee Mining & Minerals ã«ãã 1981 幎9æâ10æå·ãBisbee, Arizona - Arizona IIIããšããŠæ²èŒãããŠããã
Graeme, Richard W. III; Graeme, Douglas L.; and Graeme, Richard W. IV (2020), The Mineralogy of Bisbee, Arizona: Volume 1, Geology & Mineralology â å°è³ªåŠãç²åç°å¢ã®é±ç©åœ¢æãã¯ããµã€ããåéç³ãåžå°çš®ãèå é±ç©ãé±å±±åŸã®é±ç©ããã«ã³ç³ã匷調ããçŸä»£ç㪠Bisbee ã®åèæžã
Graeme, Richard W. III; Graeme, Douglas L.; and Graeme, Richard W. IV (2021), The Mineralogy of Bisbee, Arizona: Volume 2 â Bisbee ã§å ±åããã300çš®ãè¶ ããé±ç©çš®ã®èšè¿°çé±ç©åŠ Volumeã
Briggs, D. F. (2015), History of the Warren (Bisbee) Mining District, Arizona Geological Survey Contributed Report CR-15-B â ã¢ãªãŸãå·åã®äž»èŠé é±å±±å°åºã®ç°¡æœãªæŽå²ãšçµæžã®æŠèª¬ã
Jones, Evan A. (2023), âParamelaconite from Bisbee, Arizona,â 43rd New Mexico Mineral Symposium, pp. 27â33 â Bisbee ã®åžå°é±ç©ãã©ã¡ã©ã³ãã€ãã®è©³çްãªå ±åã§ã巚倧ã¯ããµã€ããšã®ç·å¯ãªé¢ä¿ããã³æå㪠A. E. Foote/Bement æšæ¬ãšã®é¢ä¿ãå«ãã
American Museum of Natural History, Annual Report for 1910 â Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Co. ã Bisbee ç£ã®å€©ç¶ copper ããã³ã¯ããµã€ãã®æšæ¬5ç¹ãšæŽçªææã»å žåçãªé±ç³ãå«ãå¯èŽãèšé²ã
Larkin, Annie Graeme, historical research paper on Bisbee minerals and collecting â 1986幎㮠Douglas ããã³ Richard Graeme IV Southwest Mine ã®ã¯ããµã€ãçºèŠãš 1987 幎㮠Tucson Mineral Show ã§ã®å容ãå«ãã## ããã«èªãã¹ãè³æãšå€éšãªã³ã¯
Mindat: Cuprite from Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee â Copper Queen ã§ã® cuprite ã«é¢ããçš®å¥ç¹æã®åºçŸããŒãžãé¢é£æ§ãåèæç®ãåçããŒã¿ã®é¢é£ä»ããå«ãã
Mindat: Copper Queen Mine, Queen Hill, Bisbee â Copper Queen é±å±±ã®åºç¯ãªå°åããŒãžãå°è³ªãé²é ãé±ç©ãªã¹ããåžå°Bisbeeçš®ã®çŸå Žæšæ¬å°æ å ±ãå«ãã
Mindat: Cuprite gallery and âbest cupriteâ locality notes â Bisbee cuprite ãäžçã®ä»ã® cuprite å ŽæãšèŠèŠçã«æ¯èŒããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€è³æã
Arizona Geological Survey: Lavender Pit, Bisbee â Lavender Pit ã®å°è³ªèšå®ã®èŠçŽãDividend fault ã«æ²¿ã£ã ã«ã«ã³ãµã€ãã®é±åãå«ãã
Bisbee Mining & Minerals: Geology â Bisbee å°éå®¶ã«ããå°åå°è³ªã®èŠçŽã岩å£ãé±åã€ãã³ãã眮æé±åºã®è§£èª¬ãå«ãã
Bisbee Mining & Minerals: Metal Production â 1880 幎ãã 2013 幎ãŸã§ã®ãŠã©ãŒã¬ã³é±åºã®çç£ããŒã¿ãçŽ æ©ã瀺ãã
City of Bisbee: Bisbee History â ãã£ã³ãã®å°å å²ãçºèŠãç£åºãé±å±±éå±±ã®æŠèª¬ã
Copper Queen Mine Tour â æŽå²ç Copper Queen é²é ã®çŸåšã®éºç£ãã¢ãŒæ å ±ãçŸåšã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æ¹æ³ãçè§£ããã®ã«æçšã
Mineralogical Record: April 2010 report on âTreasures of the Queenâ â ã¢ãªãŸã倧åŠã§ã®äž»èŠãª Bisbee é±ç©å±ã®çŸä»£çå ±åãBisbee cuprite ã±ãŒã¹ã®ç¹éãå«ãã