
ã€ã³ã°ã©ã³ã Red Gill Mine â éãçµæ¶ãæã€æ·±ã空è²ã®ãªãã©ã€ãã§èåã§ãæŽå²çãªåž°å±ãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ãšã£ãŠã®äž»èŠãªè±åœç£å°ãšããŠã®å°äœãç¥ãããŠããŸãã
Key facts
Red Gill Mine is one of the classic British homes of linarite, and its best specimens occupy a special place in the history of the species. In the tiny oxidized cavities of quartz-sulphide veinstone, the mine produced deep azure-blue PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 crystals that were exceptional for nineteenth-century collectors: thick, sharp, glassy blades reaching sizes that made Red Gill material among the finest linarites then known. The color is the immediate attraction â not a soft powder blue, but a concentrated, almost enamelled blue set against white quartz, iron-stained gossan, dark sulphides, and the paler blue-green of caledonite.

Photo: Albion Fire and Ice
The mine sits in the Caldbeck Fells of northern Cumbria, a compact district whose small lead-copper workings produced a mineralogical literature out of all proportion to their ore output. Red Gill is a secondary-mineral locality above all: the primary ore assemblage was based on galena and chalcopyrite, but prolonged oxidation of lead- and copper-bearing sulphides generated a remarkable suite of lead and copper sulphates, carbonates, phosphates, and related supergene species. Linarite is the signature blue mineral in that assemblage, commonly accompanied by caledonite, leadhillite, cerussite, anglesite, quartz, malachite, and iron oxides.
Red Gillâs collector importance is also historical. Many early specimens were labelled simply âCumberlandâ or âRoughton Gill,â a broader and more famous collecting name. Modern reassessment of the Red Gill/Roughton Gill district has argued that many of the old, large, classic âRoughton Gillâ linarites most probably came from Red Gill Mine itself. That matters to collectors: a precise Red Gill attribution ties a specimen to the actual source of the finest known nineteenth-century Caldbeck linarite, rather than only to the broader mining field.

Photo: Albion Fire and Ice
For the advanced collector, the best Red Gill linarite is not merely âblue mineral from England.â It is a classic British supergene specimen with a specific look: deep-blue bladed crystals or rich crystalline areas in quartz-sulphide matrix, often with enough associated lead-copper secondary minerals to place it unmistakably in the Caldbeck Fells. Fine crystals are scarce; old labels and convincing provenance add substantially to desirability.## Featured Specimens
Search for specimens: View all linarite specimens from Red Gill Mine, England
Red Gill Mine lies at Roughton Gill in the Caldbeck Fells, northern Lake District, Cumbria, England. The locality is recorded at National Grid Reference NY295347, with Mindat listing coordinates of approximately 54°42'8" N, 3°5'38" W. It is an abandoned mine within the Roughton Gill group of mines.
The deposit belongs to the Caldbeck Fells lead-copper vein system. The Red Gill veins cut rocks of the Ordovician Eycott Volcanic Group, especially andesites. The mined ore minerals were principally galena and chalcopyrite. The most important collectorsâ specimens, however, came from the oxidized upper parts of the vein system, where oxygen-rich groundwater acted on sulphides and produced a richly varied supergene mineral suite. Red Gillâs celebrated linarite formed in cavities within quartz-sulphide veinstone; the best specimens are not loose crusts divorced from their setting, but part of a compact lead-copper oxidation assemblage.
Three veins are known at Red Gill. Most of the workings followed the Main or South Vein, trending roughly north-northwest to south-southeast. Historical geological descriptions recorded the vein as up to about 1.2 m wide in an 8 m shaft near the junction of Red Gill and Swinburn Gill, composed of quartz ribs and broken country rock in a clayey, iron- and manganese-stained matrix. Another level exposed vein material up to about 1.5 m wide. These are small mines by industrial standards, but their oxidized mineralogy was unusually rich.
Mining may have begun very early. Red Gill is said to have been worked in Elizabethan times, and some workings may be older. Documentary evidence exists from the eighteenth century, but the nineteenth-century working period is better recorded. Surviving production figures are incomplete: records note 47 tons of dressed copper ore raised between 1863 and 1869 and a little under 18 tons of lead ore between 1861 and 1866. Those modest tonnages contrast sharply with the mineâs specimen legacy.
The underground workings are not generally accessible today. Mine explorers have entered parts of the workings in the past, but Red Gill is not a collecting locality to approach as an open underground site. The classic material came from old workings and dumps, especially material derived from the Main or South Vein. The dumps have been searched by generations of collectors, and modern accounts describe them as heavily depleted to virtually barren for good linarite, though small representative pieces and micromount-level material have appeared from time to time.ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã¯ç®¡çãããŠããŸãã Red Gill 㯠Caldbeck ããã³ Uldale Commons æ¡éå¶åºŠã®å ã«ããããã㯠Lake District National Park Authority ããã³é¢é£ããåå°ææè ã«ãã£ãŠéçšãããŠããŸãã ãããã®å ±åå°ã§ã®é±ç©æ¡éã¯ãçŸè¡ã®èš±å¯å¶åºŠã®äžã§èš±å¯ãèŠããæ¡éåºåãšæ¡ä»¶ã¯åœå±ã«ãã£ãŠå®ããããŠããŸãã çå£ãªæ¡éè 㯠Red Gill ãä¿è·ãããæŽå²çã»å°è³ªåŠçãªå° locality ãšããŠæ±ããç¡å¶éã®åãæšãŠå Žãšã¯èŠãªããªãã§ãã ããã
Red Gill ããã®é¡èãªçºèŠã¯ linarite ãè¶ ããŸãã ãã®é±å±±ã¯ caledonite ãš leadhillite ã«é¢é£ãã linarite ã§æåã§ãããé±ç©ãªã¹ãã«ã¯ anglesiteãcerussiteãmalachiteãpyromorphiteãmattheddleiteãmacphersoniteãqueititeãnative silverããããŠå€ãã®ä»ã®çš®ãå«ãŸããŸãã Redgillite, Cu6(SO4)(OH)10·H2O 㯠Red Gill ã«å ãã§åœåãããŸããããæ£åŒãªåå°ç¹ã¯è¿ãã® Silver Gill ã§ãã Red Gill ã¯ãã®é±ç©ã®æŽå²ãšè©å€ã®äžå¿ã§ããç¶ããŸãã## Red Gill Mine, England ããã®ãªããŒã©ã€ãã®ç¹åŸŽ
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æ¥è ã®èšé²ã¯å¥ã®ã¿ã€ãã® field note ãä¿åãããRed Gill ã®çŽ æããã£ããããã«æ®ããäœçã ã2010幎ã«è²©å£²ãããã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ãª Caldbeck ãªãã©ã€ãã¯ãå®ç³ç®±ã®ããã«å ãæŸã€ãelectric-blueãçµæ¶ã4 mm ãŸã§å«ãããature ãšããŠèª¬æãããA.E. Foote ã®ã©ãã«ã¯çŽ1884â1890å¹Žã®æ¥ä»ã1840幎代â1870å¹Žä»£ã«æ¡æãããå¯èœæ§ãé«ããšèããããŠããããã®ã©ãã«ã¯ Caldbeck Fells å šäœã瀺ããã®ã§ Red Gill Mine ãç¹å®ããŠã¯ããªããã®ã®ãå€ãçŽ æãè¿œãæ±ããåéå®¶ã®æä»£ãšã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãæããŠãããå¯åºŠã®ããç³è±-ç¡«åç©ã®åºè³ªãä¿è·ããã空æŽã®äžã®éãçµæ¶ããããŠåºéšã«è²Œãããåæã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ååŒæ¥è ã©ãã«ãšãããææžçãªããã³ã¹ãããã## ããã©ã«åŠçèšé²ãšåºçç©- Red Gill Mine, Roughton Gill, Caldbeck, Cumbria â Mindat locality page â ã³ã¢ãã«ãªãã£èšé²ïŒåº§æšãé±ç©ãªã¹ããåèæç®ãããã³æ©æã®ãã«ã³ããªã¢çŽãããã³ãããŒãã³ã»ã®ã«ããªã³ã©ã€ãã® Red Gill èµ·æºã®æšå®ã«é¢ãã Notes ãå«ãïŒ
Linarite from Red Gill Mine â Mindat occurrence record â Red Gill ãªã³ã©ã€ãã®çš®ç¹ç°çèšé²ãç£ç¶ãè²ãé¢é£é±ç©ãæç®æ å ±ãå«ãã
Red Gill Mine, Cumbria â GeoGuide / Geological Conservation Review â é±å±±ã®å°è³ªåŠçã»æŽå²çæŠèŠãèã®èª¬æãç£éãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ç¶æ³ãããã³ Red Gill ãªã³ã©ã€ãã®æçŸ©ã
Bridges, T.F., Green, D.I., Rumsey, M.S. & Leppington, C.M. (2008). âA review of the mineralisation at Red Gill Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England.â Journal of the Russell Society, 11, 29â47. â Red Gill ã®é±åäœçšã«é¢ããçŸä»£ã®äž»èŠã¬ãã¥ãŒã§ãçŸå Žåçã詊æå³ã locality ã®é±ç©çŸ€ã®åè©äŸ¡ãå«ãã
Greg, R.P. & Lettsom, W.G. (1858). Manual of the Mineralogy of Great Britain and Ireland. John Van Voorst, London. â Red Gill / Cumberland ãªã³ã©ã€ãã«èšåãããåæè±åœé±ç©åŠåèæç®ã
Hessenberg, F. (1864). âLinarit (Bleilasur) aus Cumberland.â Abhandlungen der Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, 7, 304â308. â Cumberland ãªã³ã©ã€ãã®æŽå²ççµæ¶åŠçã»é±ç©åŠç解説ãRed Gill ãªã³ã©ã€ãã®æç®ãªã¹ãã«æ²èŒã
Koksharov, N.I. (1869). âUeber Linaritkristalleâ and âNotiz ÃŒber Linaritkristalle.â â 19äžçŽã®çµæ¶åŠçæç®ãå€å žç Cumberland/Red Gill ãªã³ã©ã€ãã«é¢é£ã
Cesà ro, G. (1905). âFormes nouvelles dans la Linarite et dans la Mélinose.â Bulletin de lâAcadémie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 328â333. â Red Gill ãªã³ã©ã€ãæç®ãªã¹ãã«åŸå¹Žã®çµæ¶åŠçç ç©¶ãæ²èŒã
Cooper, M.P. & Stanley, C.J. (1990). Minerals of the English Lake District: Caldbeck Fells. Natural History Museum, London. â Caldbeck Fells ã®çŸä»£æšæºçæžç±è§£èª¬ãRed Gill ãªã³ã©ã€ããã«ã¬ããã€ããã¬ã€ãããªãããåºç¯ãªã¹ãŒããŒã²ã³æšæ¬çŸ€ãå«ãã
Stanley, C.J. & Cooper, M.P. (1991). âFamous Mineral Localities: Pyromorphite-Group Minerals from the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England.â The Mineralogical Record, 22(2), 105â121. â éèŠãª locality ã³ã³ããã¹ã Caldbeck Fellsã®ã¹ãŒããŒã²ã³éé±åã®è«æã
[Pluth, J.J., Steele, I.M., Kampf, A.R. & Green, D.I. (2005). ãRedgillite, Cu6(OH)10(SO4)·H2O, a new mineral from Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England: description and crystal structure.ã Mineralogical Magazine, 69(6), 973â980.]ïŒ Red Gillã«ã¡ãªãåç§°ã®ã¬ããã®ãªãŒã©ã€ãã®èšè¿°ãé±å±±ã®é ç¡«é žå¡©é±ç©åŠçæçŸ©ã®çè§£ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã
Redgillite â Mindaté±ç©ããŒãž â ã¬ããã®ãªãŒã©ã€ãã¯Red Gillã«å ãã§åœåãããããšãæ£åŒãªæšæ¬ç£å°ã¯Silver Gillã§ããããšããã³ãã§ã¹ã¿ãŒåç©é€šã®æšæ¬ææã«èšåããŠããããšãæèšã## ããã«èªãã¹ãè³æãšå€éšãªã³ã¯
Lake District National Park Authority â Caldbeck minerals â Caldbeckããã³Uldale Commonsã®çŸåšã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³æ¹éæºãèš±å¯ã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ãšãŸãŒã³å¥æ¡é管çãå«ãã
Natural England â Managing geological specimen collecting: Caldbeck Fells case study â Caldbeck Fellsã®æšæ¬æ¡éèšç»ã®ä¿å šèæ¯ã
Lake District Minerals â Mineral locations â Red Gillã®ãªã³ãã©ã€ããã«ã¬ããã€ãããªãŒããã«ãµã€ããå«ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒåãã®æ¹æ°Žå°æ¹é±ç©æ å ±ã
Albion Fire and Ice â Red Gill Mine locality page â çŸä»£æ§åŒã®Red GillçŽ æãšå°æšæ¬ã®åžå Žåšåº«ç¶æ³ã瀺ããã£ãŒã©ãŒåãå° locality èŠçŽã
Albion Fire and Ice â Linarite from Red Gill Mine product page â åçãšå¯žæ³ä»ããçŸä»£ã®å°åãã£ããããåãRed Gillãªã³ãã©ã€ãã®äŸã
Steetley Minerals â Caledonite & Linarite from Red Gill Mine â å€å žçãªcal edonite-ãªã³ãã©ã€ãã®é¢é£ã瀺ã Sold thumbnail äŸã
Mineral Auctions â Caldbeck Fells linarite old-timer â å€ãã©ãã«ã® Caldbeck linarite ã®ã¢ãŒã«ã€ã売åŽèšé²ã19äžçŽææãšã®æ¯èŒã«æçšã
Crystal Classics â Roughton Gill linarite specimen â Caldbeckã®ãªã³ãã©ã€ãã«é¢ããåºç¯ãªRoughton Gill/Red Gillç±æ¥ã®åãã瀺ãåžå ŽäŸã
RRUFF Handbook of Mineralogy â Linarite PDF â ãªãã©ã€ãã®å ¬åŒããŒã¿ã·ãŒããåŒãæ§è³ªãèåãªç£å°ãå«ãã