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åç: Wikimedia Commons / James St. John
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æŽå²çã«ãSearles Lakeã®æ¡éã®å声ã¯Gem-O-Ramaãšããã€ãã³ãã«çµã³ã€ããŠããŸãããããã¯é·å¹Žã«ããããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãControlledæ¡ä»¶äžã§Searles Valley Mineralsã®ææå°ãžæããããŒãã®ã€ãã³ãã§ãããã³ã¯ã®ãã©ã€ããã®èŠåŠã¯ééå瀌ãšãªãããã©ã€ã³ããŒã«ãžã®æµžæ°Žã硬ãå¡©ã®å¡ãç ãããšãæ°Žäžããå£ããããæ¹¿ã£ãçµæ¶æ¿ãæã¡äžããç æŒ ã®ç©ºæ°ã«æ»ããšããã«è¡£æãèãå¡©ã§èŠãããã»ã©å¡©åæ¿åºŠã®é«ãæ°ŽãŸã§æ©ãäœéšã§ãããåºãå ¬è¡åãã®ã€ãã³ãã¯ä»¥åã»ã©ç¢ºå®ãªå¹Žæ¬¡æ¡éæºã§ã¯ãªããªã£ããããããä¿åãããå€ãæšæ¬ãååŒåºã®æ æšã®è³æããçå£ãªã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ãããŠãã匷ãäœçœ®ãå ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã## ç¹éæšæ¬
Search for specimens: View all halite specimens from Searles Lake, California, USA
Searles Lake is a dry saline playa on the floor of Searles Valley, near Trona, California. The basin lies near the southwestern Basin and Range province, with the Argus Range and Spangler Hills to the west and the Slate Range to the east. Its mineral wealth is the product of closed-basin lake chemistry: water enters, dissolves and transports ions, then evaporation concentrates the brine until salts crystallize. Over late Quaternary time, repeated wet and dry climatic episodes built a stratigraphy of mud layers and salt bodies, including the major units long described by geologists as the Mixed Layer, Bottom Mud, Lower Salt, Parting Mud, Upper Salt, and Overburden Mud.
For mineral collectors, the important point is that Searles Lake is not a simple âsalt flat.â It is a chemically layered evaporite system, with vertical and lateral mineral zoning. USGS core studies show that halite, trona, burkeite, hanksite, borax, nahcolite, thenardite, northupite, sulphohalite, aphthitalite, and other minerals occur in different proportions depending on stratigraphic level and basin position. Halite is abundant in several of the salt layers, and it also forms the spectacular near-surface seasonal crystals that collectors know as Searles Lake pink halite.
The mining history began with borax. John and Dennis Searles discovered borax at the dry lake in the 1860s and began commercial work in the 1870s through the San Bernardino Borax Mining Company. The lake later became an important source of industrial brines and saline minerals, and Trona developed as a company town tied to the processing of borax, soda ash, sodium sulfate, salt, and other chemicals. Modern operations have used wells, brine handling, evaporation ponds, and chemical plants rather than conventional specimen mining; the collector pieces came largely through specially arranged access.
Collecting access has always been exceptional rather than casual. The lake is an active industrial mineral property, and the brine pools, crusts, muds, and operating areas are not open ground for unsupervised rockhounding. The famous public access was through Searles Lake Gem & Mineral Society field trips run in cooperation with Searles Valley Minerals. Gem-O-Rama historically included three experiences: the Mud Run, the Blow Hole, and the Pink Halite field trip. The Mud Run exposed mineral-rich black overburden mud; the Blow Hole brought deeper crystals to the surface by compressed-air discharge after prepared holes were made; and the Pink Halite field trip took collectors to shallow brine pools where the desirable rose-colored halite formed beneath a hard salt crust.幎é ã®å ¬éåéã¢ãã«ã¯ã2010幎代åŸå以éã«æ¥æ¿ã«å€åããŸããã2018幎ã®å±ç€ºã¯ã»ãŒã«ãºã»ã¬ã€ã¯ã»ãžã§ã ïŒããã©ã«ã»ãœãµãšãã£ã«ãã£ãŠæåŸã®Gem-O-RamaãšããŠçºè¡šãããåŸã«åå£äœã¯ãã®ã€ãã³ããæä¹ çã«äžæ¢ãããšèª¬æããŸããã2022幎ãš2023幎ã«ã¯ãäºåæ¯æããå 責æ¡é ãè»äž¡å¶éãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®æºåãã»ãŒã«ãºã»ãã¬ãŒã»ããã©ã«ãºãæ åœããã販売è åãã®éå®ãã³ã¯å¡©åæ°Žæ¶ã®æ ãå¥éåºåãããŸãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ãããã£ãŠãä»åŸã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãåžžèšã®å ¬éåéæš©ã§ã¯ãªããèš±å¯ããŒã¹ã®æ¥ä»æå®ãéå¶äŒç€Ÿããã³å°å ã®å£äœã®ç®¡çäžã§ãããšã¿ãªãã¹ãã§ãã
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é¢é£ããé±ç©ã¯ããã®ç£å°ã®ã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®éèŠãªéšåã§ãããNahcolite ã¯æšæ¬ææã§ããèŠãããé¢é£é±ç©ã§ããã°ãã°ãã³ã¯å²©å¡©ã®ãããªãã¯ã¹äžã«åŸ®å°ãªçœè²ïœæ·¡è²ã®ç©è³ªãšããŠçŸãããBurkeite ã¯äžéšæšæ¬ã§æ·¡ããã³ã¯ã®ããããŒç¶å²©å¡©ãšå ±ã«çŸãããTronaãBORAXãHanksiteãThenarditeãSulphohaliteãAphthitaliteãNorthupiteãGaylussiteãPyrssoniteãCalciteãAragoniteãDolomiteããã®ä»ã®å¡©æ§ãŸãã¯æ¹æé±ç©ã¯ãããåºãã·ãŒã«ãºçŸ€åã«å±ãããçŸå°èª¿æ»ã®æèã§ã¯ããã³ã¯ã®å²©å¡©ã¯ãé©ãã¹ãèžçºå¡©çµæ¶ã®suiteã®äžã€ã® prize ã«éããªãã£ãã
æã蚺æçãªã·ãŒã«ãºã¬ã€ã¯ã®å€èгã¯ã次ã®çµã¿åãããå«ã: èªç¶ã®ãã³ã¯ããèµ€è²ã®è²èª¿ãç«æ¹äœãŸãã¯ããããŒåã®å²©å¡©ãç¹çްã§ç ç³ã®ãããªã¬ã©ã¹å æ²¢ããããŠæµ·æŽã®å²©å¡©ãããªãã¯ã¹ãããTrona/ã·ãŒã«ãºèžçºå²©å¡© setting ãšã®é¢é£æ§ãå°äžå¡©é±å±±ç±æ¥ã®å²©å¡©ãšç°ãªããæãåªããã·ãŒã«ãºã®äœåã¯ãæ¥éã«æé·ãã衚é¢ã®ãã©ã€ã³çµæ¶ã®ããã«æããããæ°é®®ã§éæŸæããããè€éã§äžå®å®ãã䌎ãã## Collector Notes
Halite is soluble, soft, and unforgiving. Searles Lake specimens should be kept dry, away from humidity swings, and out of direct sunlight. Water will etch or dissolve the crystals, and even damp air can dull luster, round sharp edges, or cause granular recrystallization. Display in a sealed acrylic case with desiccant is sensible for better pieces, especially outside arid climates. Avoid rinsing in freshwater; traditional cleaning of Searles saline specimens used brine precisely because ordinary water attacks them.
Condition is a central value issue. Broken hopper rims, bruised corners, dissolved faces, collapse of fragile plates, and dull surfaces are common. Newly collected pink halite is particularly fragile until completely dry; official field-trip guidance warned that wet pieces shipped by commercial carriers were likely to be destroyed. Serious buyers should look carefully at edge sharpness, uncrushed terminations, original crystal surfaces, and whether the specimen has been stabilized, oiled, glued, or repaired.
Color stability matters. Pink Searles Lake halite can fade with exposure to light, and older documented pieces sometimes show loss of the original intensity. Dark storage is prudent. A specimen with strong color, old provenance, and evidence of having retained that color over time is more desirable than a freshly vivid piece with no history.
Authenticity concerns are real because pink halite is popular and easy to misrepresent. Dyed white halite has been noted by experienced collectors, and saturated color alone should not be accepted as proof of Searles origin. Warning signs include color concentrated only on broken surfaces or in cracks, unnaturally uniform neon coloration, dye bleeding when touched with a damp swab, lack of believable cubic growth zoning, or a matrix inconsistent with Searles evaporites. Natural Searles color tends to reside within the crystal growth, often with subtle zoning or internal distribution rather than a surface stain.
Market availability is better than many classic evaporites but less straightforward than it was during the heyday of public Gem-O-Rama collecting. Small to medium pink halite pieces still appear regularly from dealers, estate collections, former field-trip participants, and occasional auction lots. High-quality large plates with sharp hoppered cubes, strong unfaded color, and no significant bruising are much scarcer. The best cabinet specimens now trade less like disposable âsalt curiositiesâ and more like locality classics whose preservation history is part of their value.## Stories & Field Notes
Gem-O-Rama ã®æçæã«ã¯ãTrona ãäžæçãªé±ç©ãã£ã³ããšãªã£ããçºèªäœã®äººå£ã¯æ°å人çšåºŠã ã£ããã10æç¬¬2鱿«ã«ã¯åèŠæš¡ã®èšªåè ãæŒãå¯ããããšããã£ããç æŒ ã®æ¢é±è ãããµã³ãŒã«ã¹ã®å®¶æããã£ãŒã©ãŒãå°è³ªåŠã®åŠçãéè·è ããããŠåŠæ ¡ã®å ç«¥ãã¡ãè»ã§åããªãããã®åŸçµç¹çãªè»åãçµãã§æ¹åºãžãšåãã£ããæ¡éã¯ç€Œåæ£ããããŒãã«ãããã®äœæ¥ã§ã¯ãªãã£ããå·¥æ¥å°è³ªåŠãäžæçã«å ¬éã®èå°ãžãšå€ãã£ãã®ã§ããã
Mud Run ã¯ãæµ·æ°Žæ¹ã®è¡šé¢äžçŽ10ïœ20ãã£ãŒãããæã¡äžããããé»ãé±ç©ãè±å¯ã«å«ãåããå§ãŸã£ããåå è ãããåããŠããããã«ã150ãã³ä»¥äžã®ç²æ§ã®ããèŠåã®æ³¥ãæã蟌ãããšãã§ãã hanksiteâå¹³ããª6è§åœ¢ã®æšœç¶çµæ¶ã§ãæã«ã¯å¹ 4ã€ã³ãçšåºŠãŸã§æé·ããããšããã£ãâãæ¢ãåœãŠãããšãç®çã ã£ããå ±é ¬ã¯æ··ä¹±ã®äžã«é ãããŠãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯è©ã䞊ã¹ãŠäœæ¥ããæ³¥ã®çµæ¶ãé·ããã©ã€ã³ã»ãã©ããžãšéã³ãã¬ã©ã¹ç¶ã®è¡šé¢ãçŸãããŸã§ãããèœãšãããæ®éã®æ°Žã§ã¯å€ãã®å¯æº¶æ§é±ç©ã厩ããŠããŸãã ãããããã©ã€ã³ã¯æŽæµæ°Žã§ãããšåæã«é²è å€ã§ãããçŸå Žã®åãã§ããã£ãã
Blow Hole ã«ã¯ç°ãªããã©ãããã£ããSearles Valley Minerals ã®äœæ¥å¡ã¯çŸå Žãæ°é±éåã«éžå®ããå°è¡šããçŽ25ïœ40ãã£ãŒãäžãžç©Žãæããå§çž®ç©ºæ°ãçšããŠçµæ¶ãå«ãç©è³ªãæ¹åºã®äžãžãšæŒãåºããããã¢ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ãé²è¡ããŠããéãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯åŸ æ©ããæ°ŽãåŒããšãšãã«çŸå Žãžãšåããã hanksite ãèŠèŸŒãŸããè³åã ã£ãããç¡«é»åå¡©ç³âå°ããªçµå端ãåæ¹åã®ãã©ãããã§ã§ããçµæ¶äœâã¯ãçŸå Žã®çµæ¶ã®ããäžéšã§ããå ±åãããªãçšå°ãªé±çš®ã ã£ãã
Pink Halite ã®æ ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãå šèº«ã§èŠããŠãããã®ã ã£ããçµæ¶ã¯ã硬ãå¡©ã®çªåºéšã®äžã®æµ ããã©ã€ã³ããŒã«ã«åœ¢æãããå°è¡šããã¯éåžž6ïœ12ã€ã³ãã»ã©ã®å°äžã«ãã£ããæã«å ¥ããã«ã¯ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯çŽæ¥ãã©ã€ã³ãžèžã¿èŸŒã¿ã crowbarïŒãããïŒãã€ãã¯ããéŒè£œããŒã«ã§çªåºéšãå£ããèµ€ãæ°Žã®äžã®çµæ¶ç€ãæãåã£ããæé«ã®ãã³ã¯è²ã¯ã halite ã衚é¢è¿ãã§æé·ããéšåã倪éœå ãçŽæ¥åããã«ä¿è·ãããŠããå Žæã§çãæ®ã£ãã
ããå®ç³åã¯ããã³ã¯ã®haliteããŒã«ããç±ããŠé žæ§ã§å¡©èŸãããšè¡šçŸããå¡©ã»ã¬ã¢ã³æ±ã»ç¡«é»ãæ··ãã£ãããã ã£ããšèªã£ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãå€ãžç»ã£ããšããæ¿¡ãããã³ããšèã¯ããã«çµæ¶åãããå¡©ã¯è¡£é¡ã«çµæ¶ãäœããåããã³ã«å·ã€ããåã³ãã©ã€ã³ãžæ»ãéã«ã¯çã¿ãèµ°ã£ããå¥ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯ã楜ãããå¿«é©ããããæ··æ²ã«äŸãããããããã Gem-O-Rama ãäŒèª¬ã«ããçç±ã§ããïŒé±ç©æ¡éãè§ŠèŠçã«ãå ±åäœçã«ãäžå¿«ã§ãéœæ°ã§ãçç£çã«ãåæã«ããäœéšã«å€ããã®ã ã2019幎ã®å°éãç©èªãå€ããã7æ4æ¥ã«ãã°ããã¥ãŒã6.4ã®å°éããããŒãè¿ãã襲ãã7æ5æ¥ã«ã¯ãã°ããã¥ãŒã7.1ã®å°éãç¶ãããã®åŸãäœéãç¶ããããµãŒã«ãºã»ãã¬ãŒå°åã®è¢«å®³ã¯ãšãŠãé倧ã§ãGem-O-Rama 2019ã¯äžæ¢ãããããåºãå ¬å ±ã€ãã³ãããã€ãŠã®åœ¢ã«ã¯æ»ããªãã£ããåæã®æ è¡ã«åå ããåéå®¶ã«ãšã£ãŠãçŸåšãã®æšæ¬ã«ã¯å ŽæããŒã¿ä»¥äžã®æå³ãããããããã¯æ¶ããæ¡éæåã®éºç©ã§ãããç æµã§ã®éåãç æŒ ã®å€ªéœã®äžã®ãã©ã€ã³ãã»ãã©ããå£ç¯ãšãšãã«æº¶ããŠåçããæ± ããæã¡äžãããããã³ã¯ã®å¡©çµæ¶ã## é±ç©åŠçèšé²ãšåºçç©
George I. Smith and Minze Stuiver, 1979, âSubsurface stratigraphy and geochemistry of late Quaternary evaporites, Searles Lake, California,â U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1043 â ã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹å¡©æ¹å±€åºã»å°äžå°ååŠã®æ žå¿çç ç©¶ã§ãäž»èŠãªå±€æºåºåãå¡©æ°ŽååŠãèžçºæ²ç³é±ç©ã®ååžãæ±ãã
George I. Smith and D.V. Haines, 1964, âCharacter and distribution of nonclastic minerals in the Searles Lake evaporite deposit, California,â U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1181-P â ã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹èžçºæ²æ®¿ç©ã®éç²ç¶é±ç©ã«é¢ããåºç€çé±ç©åŠè§£èª¬ã
George I. Smith, 2009, âLate Cenozoic geology and lacustrine history of Searles Valley, Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, California,â U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1727 â ã·ã¢ãŒã«ãº-valley ã®é ææ°ç代å°è³ªã𿹿å²ã®åºç¯ãªèšè¿°ãå°å±€åºçŸã»æ¹æ°Žæºå€åã®å°è¡šèšŒæ ãå«ãã
Mindat: Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA â ã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹ã®é±ç©ãªã¹ããšããã©ã€ããå«ãå°å ç£é±ç©çš®ããã³å€æ°ã®åç£å°çš®ãèšé²ãã locality ããŒãžã
Mindat: Halite from Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA â ã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹ã®ãã©ã€ãã®çš® locality ãšã³ããªã
H.P. Eugster and G.I. Smith, 1965, âMineral equilibria in the Searles Lake evaporites, California,â Journal of Petrology, 6, 473â522 â ã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹èžçºæ²æ®¿ç©ãæ¯é ããååŠå¹³è¡¡ã®å€å žçç ç©¶ã
H. Earl Pemberton, 1975, âThe Crystal Habits and Forms of the Minerals of Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California,â The Mineralogical Record, 6(2), 74â83 â ã¯ãªã¹ã¿ã«ã®åœ¢æ ãšçµæ¶ç¿æ§ã«é¢ãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒåãã®è§£èª¬ãã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹é±ç©èšé²ã§é »ç¹ã«åŒçšãããã
William F. Foshag, 1940, âSodium bicarbonate (nahcolite) from Searles Lake, California,â American Mineralogist, 25(12), 769â778 â nahcoliteïŒéæ¹é±ïŒã®éèŠãªåè¡ç©ãã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹ã®ãã³ã¯ãã©ã€ãæšæ¬ã®é¢é£é±ç©ã®äžã€ã
William F. Foshag, 1935, âBurkeite, a new mineral species from Searles Lake, California,â American Mineralogist, 20(1), 50â56 â Burkeite ã®ååºè«æãã·ã¢ãŒã«ãºæ¹ã®åç£å°é±ç©ã§ãããæãšããŠãã©ã€ãé¢é£é±ç©ã®é¢é£äœãšããŠæ±ãããã## Videos & Media
âGem-O-Rama: Mojave Playa Interventions, Part IIâ â Kim Stringfellow, PBS SoCal Artbound â Searles Lake ã® Mud RunãBlow HoleãPink Halite ãã£ãŒã«ãããªããã®äŒçµ±ã«ã€ããŠåçå€ãã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ç¹éã
Searles Lake Gem & Mineral Society â å°å ã®åäŒãµã€ãã§ãGem-O-Rama ã®æŽå²æ å ±ãšã€ãã³ãäžæ¢ã®ãç¥ããã
Searles Lake dealer pink halite field-trip page â æè¿ã®ãã³ã¯ãã©ã€ãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®ç®¡çãããäºçŽå¶ã瀺ãã¢ãŒã«ã€ã颚ã®ãã£ãŒã«ãããªããæ å ±ã
NASA Earth Observatory: Searles Lake, California â Searles Lake ã®ãã¬ãŒã€èšå®ãšèžçºé±ç©ã®èŠçŽã瀺ãè¡æç»åã®æŠèŠã
Britannica: Searles Lake â 茩åºã®æŽå²ãšå°ççèŠç¹ã®çãèŠçŽãSearles å åŒãšãã©ãã¯ã¹ã®æŽå²ãå«ãã
Wikimedia Commons: Minerals of Searles Lake â ãã©ã€ããå«ãèžçºå²©æšæ¬ãšé¢é£å¡©é¡é±ç©ã®æçšãªç»åã«ããŽãªã
Mineral Auctions: Searles Lake halite auction archive â 倧åã§ã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ãªãã³ã¯ã®ããããŒã Searles Lake ãã©ã€ãã®åžå Žã瀺ãæè¿ã®ãªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³äŸã
Scottâs Rock & Gem: Pink Halite â èªåã§æ¡éãã Searles Lake ã®ãã³ã¯ãã©ã€ããšå£ç¯çãªãã©ã€ã³æ± 圢æã«ã€ããŠã®ãã£ãŒã©ãŒèŠç¹ã
âGem-O-Ramaâ â Kim Stringfellow, The Mojave Project â Searles Lake ã®æ¡éæåãç¹éãã Mojave Project ã®ãã£ã¹ãããã詳现ãªãã£ãŒã«ãã»ããªããã®èª¬æãšç»åã
âThe Allure of Searles Lake Saltsâ â NASA Earth Observatory â Searles Lake ã®æ®çºæ§é±ç©ãšå°ææãããŒã«é¢ããçŸä»£ã®ææç§åŠç ç©¶ãçµã¶ NASA ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ç¹éã