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Photo: Wikimedia Commons
The locality is not simply another Karakoram aquamarine source. Chumar Bakhoor specimens are prized for their matrix aesthetics: stout beryl crystals sitting naturally among mica blades rather than isolated gem rough or loose crystals. Many classic examples show soft sky-blue aquamarine with flat to modified pinacoidal terminations; others grade toward goshenite, especially where color is very weak. The light tone is part of the localityâs identity. Collectors who know Chumar Bakhoor generally do not expect deep Santa Maria blue; they look instead for luster, transparency, sharpness, undisturbed crystal-to-matrix contacts, and a convincing muscovite setting.
Geologically, the deposit belongs to a gem-bearing granitic pegmatite field related to the Sumayar leucogranite system. Modern geochemical work places the Chumar Bakhoor pegmatites in and near calc-silicate rocks and amphibolite of the southern Karakoram Metamorphic Complex, with pegmatite bodies occurring as patches, pods, lenses, and dykes. The gem pockets are miarolitic and productive, enriched in beryllium, boron, fluorine, chlorine, and water-bearing fluidsâexactly the chemical environment one expects for beryl, schorl, fluorite, fluorapatite, and related pocket minerals.
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Search for specimens: View all beryl specimens from Chumar Bakhoor, Pakistan
Chumar Bakhoor lies in the Sumayar Valley of Nagar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, in the high mountains of the Karakoram. The collecting and mining area is reached from the village area below by a steep mountain approach, with the pegmatites cropping out high on the slopes above 4,000 meters and mine workings commonly described around the 4,600â4,800 meter range. This altitude controls everything about production: access, season length, transport, risk, and the small-scale character of the work.
The deposit is a field of granitic pegmatites associated with the Sumayar pluton and the southern Karakoram Metamorphic Complex. The gem-bearing bodies are not large industrial ore bodies; they are pocket-bearing pegmatites and mica-lined fissures worked for specimen-quality crystals. Geological studies describe the pegmatites as unzoned, miarolitic, and productive, with two important field groupings: muscovite-schorl pegmatites and quartz-muscovite-feldspar pegmatites. The mineralizing system is beryllium- and fluorine-rich, explaining the repeated association of beryl with fluorite, fluorapatite, schorl, feldspar, and mica.
The mining history is artisanal and village-based rather than corporate. A widely cited account attributes discovery of the gemstone deposits to local hunter Muhammad Shah in 1984, and by the mid-1980s Chumar Bakhoor material had begun moving into the mineral trade. Later field reporting described the pegmatites as controlled through a minersâ association in Sumayar, with groups of local miners allowed to work the deposits and revenue benefiting the village. Because the workings sit so high, the practical season is shortâroughly late July into October in many accountsâbefore snow and weather close the mountain.
Production has been irregular but important. Chumar Bakhoor has yielded large numbers of aquamarine-on-muscovite specimens, loose beryl crystals suitable for cutting or carving, cabochon and bead material, and notable associated fluorite and fluorapatite. The finest finds are cabinet-sized display specimens in which aquamarine, fluorite, and/or fluorapatite share a muscovite matrix. The best pockets are remembered not merely for gem rough, but for complete natural compositions: blue beryl prisms emerging from mica, sometimes with pink or green fluorite, rosy fluorapatite, quartz points, feldspar, or black schorl.
Collecting access should be treated as mining access, not casual recreational collecting. The workings are high, steep, seasonally accessible, and locally controlled. Specimens seen in the market usually pass through miners, Pakistani dealers, Peshawar or Gilgit trade networks, international mineral dealers, and auction platforms rather than being collected by visiting hobbyists.## ãã¥ãã«ã»ãããŒã«ïŒããã¹ã¿ã³ïŒç£ããªã«ã®ç¹åŸŽ
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åç: Wikimedia Commons
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Chumar Bakhoorã®ç©èªã¯ãå€ãã®ã«ã©ã³ã©ã é±ç©ç©èªãããã§ããããã«ãåžå Žã§ã¯ãªãå±±ããå§ãŸããããã«ããèæå²©ã¯Sumayarã®äžæ¹ã«é«ãäœçœ®ããäœæ¥å£ç¯ã¯æã§ã¯ãªãé±åäœã§æž¬ããããçŸå°ã®èšé²ã¯ãChumar Bakhoorã®èæå²©ãSumayarã®æ¡æçµåã«å±ããå åäžçµã®55ã°ã«ãŒãã deposits ãæ¡æããããšãèš±ãããŠãããšèšããŠãããã€ãŸããæšé«ã®é«ãå Žæã§ã usable season ã¯æŠã7æäžæ¬ãã10æãŸã§ã®çãæéã§ã山岳ã®é«åºŠãäœæ¥ã®çªãçãããã
æšé«ã¯æšæ¬ã®ç¹åŸŽã®äžéšãäžãããChumar Bakhoorã®ç·ç°Ÿé·å²©çä»ãã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã¯ãäœå°ã®æ¡æå Žã§éæ©ãšé幎ã®äœæ¥ãã³ãã䜿ã£ãŠäœããããã®ã§ã¯ãªããæ¥å³»ã§é«æã®èæå²©ãã±ããããæ¥ãŠãããè³åã¯é²æ¯çã§èŠããããã±ãããããªã«ã®ããªãºã ãèç³ãçç°ç³ã§æ§æãããŠããããšãããã°ãæ°æ¥éã®åªåã®æ«ã«ç©ºèãªèæå²©ã ãã§çµããããšããããæé«ã®æšæ¬ã¯ãã®ãã±ããæ§é ããã®ãŸãŸæºããŠãããåãªãçµæ¶ã§ã¯ãªãããããæé·ããé«å±±ã®ç©ºæŽã®äžçãåãåã£ããã®ã§ããã
æç®ã§æãããç¹°ãè¿ãããçºèŠè«ã¯ã巚倧ãªãã±ããã§ã¯ãªãå éšã«ãµãã©ã€ãºãæã€åäžã®çµæ¶ã«ã¯ã¬ãžãããããã軜ãéè²ã®Chumar Bakhoorã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ãéã1418ã«ã©ããããµã€ãºçŽ77 à 55 à 45 mmããå éšã«12åã®çœè²ã®æ£å «é¢äœç¶ã®èç³çµæ¶ãèŠããç¶æ ã§èšé²ãããŠãããå å ç©ã¯5ã10 mmã®ç¯å²ã ã£ããChumar Bakhoorã¯ãå€éšã«èç³ãã·ã£ãã«åãããç·ç°Ÿé·å²©ãšã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã§æåã ããã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã®å éšã«èç³çµæ¶ãå°å ¥ãããŠããã®ã¯å¥ç©ã§ãããæ¡æ40幎ãçµãä»ããã®æšæ¬ã¯é©ãã»ã©âå¯äžç¡äºâãšããŠèª¬æãããŠããã
ãŸããããã³ãã£ãã¯ã§ã¯ãªããåæ§ã«éèŠãªç©èªããããç Žæããçµæ¶ã®ãã®åŸã ãChumar Bakhoorã®é²æ¯ãããªã¯ã¹ã¯çŸãããèããã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³çµæ¶ã¯æ¡æã茞éããŸãã¯ããªãã³ã°äžã«åé¢ããããšããããæ£çŽã«ä¿®åŸ©ããããã®ãããããããã¯é²æ¯ã«åã蟌ãŸããŠãã€ãŠã¯æé·ããªãã£ããã®ããããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã¯äœå¹ŽããããŠãã®éããåŠãã§ããã鲿¯ bladeã®æ¥è§Šéšãžãšé²ã¿ããã¢ããããœã±ãããæ¢ããUVäžã§ã®æ¥çå€ã調ã¹ãæšæ¬ã修埩ãããçååãªã®ãããããšãæ§ç¯ãããå¹»æ³ãªã®ããåãã ãã®å°åã§ã¯ãéè³ã ãã§ãªããæšæ¬ã®ç©ççå±¥æŽãèªãããšãã³ã³ãµã«ãŒã«ã§ããã## ããã©ã«èšé²ãšå ¬è¡šç©
Mindat: Chumar Bakhoor, Nagar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan â 座æšãé±ç©ãªã¹ããåçåç §ãæç®ç®é²ãå«ã locality èšé²ã
Smith, Bill; Smith, Carol; Blauwet, Dudley. 1997. ãããã¹ã¿ã³åéšå°åã®é±ç©ç£å°ã¬ã€ãã The Mineralogical Record, 28(3), 183â200. Chumar Bakhoor ã®ããªã«ããã³é¢é£çš®ã® Mindat åç §ã«æ²èŒã
Blauwet, Dudley; Muhammad, Shafiee. 2004. ãChumar Bakhoorã®ãã°ãã¿ã€ãïŒããŒã¬ãŒã«ã®å®ã®å®åº«ã. ãPakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majestyã, extraLapis English No. 6, Lapis International LLC, pp. 48â53. depósito ã®åŸã®è°è«ã§éèŠãªå°åè«æã
Blauwet, Dudley; Smith, Bill; Smith, Carol. 2004. ãããã¹ã¿ã³åéšã®é±ç©ç£å°è¡šãšãã®ä»ã®éžæãµã€ã衚ã. ãPakistan: Minerals, Mountains & Majestyã, extraLapis English No. 6, Lapis International LLC, pp. 86â93. åéšããã¹ã¿ã³ã®ãã°ãã¿ã€ãçš®ã§é »ç¹ã«åŒçšãããç£å°è¡šã
Lyckberg, Peter. 2011. ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã®å®ç³ãã°ãã¿ã€ãïŒChumar Bakhoorã Mineralien-Welt, 22(4), 67â77. Chumar Bakhoor ãã°ãã¿ã€ã垯ã®å°éèšäºã
Hussain, Amjad; Shah, Muhammad Tahir; Arif, Mohammad; Agheem, Muhammad Hassan; Mughal, Muhammad Saleem; Ullah, Shakir; Hussain, Syed Asim; Sadiq, Izhar. 2021. ãChumar Bakhoor, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistanã®å®ç³ã®ååŠçµæãšãããã®å®¿äž»ãã°ãã¿ã€ãããã³åšå²å²©ã®ç¹åŸŽä»ãïŒå®ç³åœ¢ææµäœã®èµ·æºãžã®ç€ºåã Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 1303. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-021-07682-3. â Chumar Bakhoor ã®ãã°ãã¿ã€ããšå®ç³ã®çŸä»£çãªå²©ç³åŠã» geochemicalã»éºäŒç ç©¶ã
Behnke, Russell E. 2025. ãèç³å ¥ãã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã Gems & Gemology, Spring 2025, Micro-World. â 1418ct ã® Chumar Bakhoor ã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ããå¯èŠã®åäºåã®æ£å «é¢äœèç³å«æç©ãå«ãç°äŸã®äºäŸãèšé²ã
Lyckberg, Peter. 2018. ããŠã¯ã©ã€ãããã·ã¢ãã¢ãã¬ãã¹ã¿ã³ãããã¹ã¿ã³ã®å®ç³ãã°ãã¿ã€ãïŒæè¿ã®äžçã¯ã©ã¹çºèŠã®ææ°æ å ±ã Gems & Gemology, Fall 2018 è¬æŒçºè¡š. â ãããªãã¯ã¹ç³»ã¢ã¯ã¢ããªã³ã®äž»èŠæºãšããŠã®Chumar Bakhoorãã«ãŒãã³ã°çµæ¶ãã«ãã·ã§ã³ããã³ããŒãºææãå®ç³ãããŒã©ã€ãã«é¢ããèŠçŽãå«ãã## Videos & Media
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