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Huanzalaã®æãå£®èŠ³ãªæšæ¬çç£ã¯ç£éé±ã§ã¯ãªãé»éé±ã«é¢äžããŸãããããããã®é»éé±ã®çºèŠã¯éèŠã§ããé±å±±ã®è©å€ãšåžå Žã®æŽå²ã圢äœã£ãããã§ãã1988å¹Žã®æ£å «é¢äœé»éé±ã®çºèŠã¯å·šå€§ãªçµæ¶ãçã¿åºããå€ãã¯é·ã8â10 cmããšããžé·ãçŽ20â25 cmã«éãã倧ããªçµæ¶ãå ±åãããŸãããåžå Žã«ã¯äœãã³ãã®æšæ¬ãæµå ¥ããæ°è»œã«æ±ããªãã»ã©éããã®ãå«ãŸããŠããŸããããã®è±å¯ãã®äžã§ãçã®ç£éé±ãšç£éé±åœååç©ã¯ã¯ããã«éžæçã§ãå°éçãã€é±ç©åŠçã«è峿·±ããã®ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã## Huanzala Mine, Peruç£ã® pyrrhotite ã®ç¹åŸŽ
Huanzala pyrrhotite is most admired in two related forms: crystallized pyrrhotite and pseudomorphs after pyrrhotite.
Huanzalaã®pyrrhotiteã¯ãäºã€ã®é¢é£ãã圢æ
ã§ç¹ã«è©äŸ¡ãããŸãïŒçµæ¶ç¶ã®pyrrhotiteãšpyrrhotiteã®åœåœ¢ïŒpseudoÂmorphsïŒã
Fresh pyrrhotite, where preserved, should be metallic bronze to brownish bronze, commonly darker and less yellow than pyrite.
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ã®æ°é®®ãªpyrrhotiteã¯ãéå±å
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The crystal habit most associated with Huanzala is platy to bladed, with pseudohexagonal outlines. These forms can stack in parallel groups or compact clusters, giving the specimen a layered, architectural look.
Huanzalaãšæãé¢é£ã®æ·±ãçµæ¶åœ¢ã¯ãæ¿ç¶ããåç¶ã§ãåœå
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The classic pseudomorph habit is especially distinctive. Pyrite after pyrrhotite may preserve platy pseudohexagonal crystals while replacing the original mineral with brilliant golden pyrite. Arsenopyrite can also replace pyrrhotite, sometimes leaving a reticulated network over a former hexagonal crystal. In the most attractive examples, arsenopyrite needles or short prismatic crystals lie in oriented patterns on the former pyrrhotite surfaces, giving the impression of metallic stitching or spiky horizons along the old blade edges.
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žçãªåœåœ¢ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ç¹ã«éç«ã£ãŠããŸããpyrrhotiteã®åŸã«ç£åºããé»éé±ã¯ãå
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è§æ¶ãä¿æããããšããããŸããç é·ç³ïŒArsenopyriteïŒãpyrrhotiteã眮æããããšããããæã«ã¯ãã€ãŠã®å
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åçãªäŸã§ã¯ã arsenopyriteã®éç¶ãŸãã¯çãæ£±æ±ç¶çµæ¶ãã以åã®pyrrhotite衚é¢ã«åãåãã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã§é
眮ãããéå±çãªçž«åã®ãããªå°è±¡ããå€ãåç«¯ã«æ²¿ã£ããšãã®ããå°å¹³ç·ãäžããŸãã
Documented specimen sizes range from thumbnails and miniatures to small-cabinet pieces.
èšé²ãããŠããæšæ¬ãµã€ãºã¯ããµã ãã€ã«ããããã¥ã¢ããå°åãã£ããããåãŸã§å¹
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Individual former pyrrhotite crystals in published and dealer-documented examples reach roughly 3 cm in some arsenopyrite pseudomorphs and up to about 5 cm in pyrite-after-pyrrhotite pieces.
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pyrrhotiteçµæ¶ã¯ã arsenopyriteåœåœ¢ã®äžéšã§çŽ3 cmãpyrrhotiteåŸã®é»éé±ã®åã§ã¯çŽ5 cmã«éããŸãã
One modern miniature documented by a European dealer has a main pseudohexagonal crystal about 1.8 x 1.6 x 0.4 cm, while an older small-cabinet auction specimen measured 8.3 x 6.1 x 5.0 cm overall.
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è§æ¶ãçŽ1.8 x 1.6 x 0.4 cmãå€ãå°åãã£ããããã®ãªãŒã¯ã·ã§ã³æšæ¬ã¯å
šäœã§8.3 x 6.1 x 5.0 cmã§ãã
These are not common bulk-market objects; the best examples are usually bought as pseudomorph specimens rather than as ordinary Huanzala pyrite.
ãããã¯äžè¬åžå Žã§èŠã€ããç©ã§ã¯ãªããæè¯ã®äŸã¯éåžžãåœåœ¢æšæ¬ãšããŠè³Œå
¥ãããããšãå€ããæ®éã® Huanzala é»éé±ãšããŠã¯è³Œå
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Associations are a major part of the locality character. Pyrite, arsenopyrite, and quartz are the most consistent companions in documented pyrrhotite-related specimens.
é¢é£ç©ã¯ locality ã®ç¹åŸŽã®å€§ããªéšåãå ããŸããé»éé±ã arsenopyriteãç³è±ããèšé²ããã pyrrhotite é¢é£æšæ¬ã§æãäžè²«ããŠå
±åãã䌎䟶ã§ãã
Fluorite, apatite, black sphalerite, dolomite, and other Huanzala sulfides may also appear. The quartz tends to be small, white, waxy to satiny, and prismatic; that fine drusy quartz is one of the visual clues that can help separate Huanzala matrix from superficially similar Peruvian sulfide localities.
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é±ãéæ¶ç³ããããã€ãããã®ä»ã® Huanzala ã®ç¡«åç©ãçŸããããšããããŸããç³è±ã¯å°ããçœè²ã§ãèç¶ããå
æ²¢ããããæ±ç¶ã§ãã埮现ãªããã¹ç¶ã®ç³è±ã¯ãHuanzalaã®åºè³ªããèŠããäžé¡äŒŒã®ãã«ãŒç£ç¡«åç©ç£å°ãšåºå¥ããèŠèŠçææããã®äžã€ã§ãã
Black sphalerite gives strong contrast, especially when the specimen carries pale quartz or fluorite.
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é±ã¯åŒ·ãã³ã³ãã©ã¹ããçã¿åºããŸããç¹ã«æšæ¬ãæ·¡è²ã®ç³è±ãèç³ã䌎ãå Žåã«é¡èã§ãã
Quality depends first on the readability of the pyrrhotite form. The sharper the pseudohexagonal outline, the more convincing and collectible the piece. Flat, thick blades with undamaged edges are preferable to ragged masses.
å質ã¯ãŸãpyrrhotiteã®åœ¢ç¶ã®èªã¿åããããã«äŸåããŸããåœå
è§ã®èŒªéãéãã»ã©ãäœåã¯èª¬åŸåããããåé䟡å€ãé«ãŸããŸããå·ã®ãªãå¹³ãã§åãåç¶ã¯ãããããã®å¡ãã奜ãŸããŸãã
In pyrite replacements, bright luster and a complete replacement without crumbly surfaces are important.
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In arsenopyrite replacements, collectors look for complete reticulation, strong sparkle, and oriented arsenopyrite rather than random drusy coverage.
arsenopyrite 眮æã§ã¯ãå®å
šãªç¶²ç®ç¶æ§é ã匷ããããããã©ã³ãã ãªããªã¥ãŒãžã¥èŠãããããåãããããã arsenopyrite ãæ±ããŸãã
Aesthetic matrix, quartz accents, fluorite, and good three-dimensional spacing can elevate a specimen considerably.
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åã®æºã§ãã## Collector Notes
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誀ã©ããªã³ã°ã¯å¥ã®æžå¿µäºé ã§ããå€ãHuanzalaã®ã©ãã«ã«ã¯HuánucoãDos de MayoãšèšãããããšããããçŸåšã®åç §ã¯çŸå°ãAncashå· BolonesiïŒBolognesi ProvinceïŒãšããŠããŸãããã®å€ã衚çŸèªäœãæªãããšããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããããéèŠãªã®ã¯æšæ¬ãçŸå°æ§ã«åèŽããŠãããã©ããã§ããé»è²ã®éäºéé±ãå°ããªçœè²ç³è±ãHuanzalaæ§åŒã®é»éé±ã®æãããèç³ãç éé±ãæ·¡ãæ¹è§£ç³åºè³ªãªã©ã¯Huanzalaã®åž°å±ãæ¯æããŸããå察ã«ãäžè¬çãªããã«ãŒãç£é»éé±ãé»éé±ã®åœ«å»ããŸãã¯ä»åºã®é»éé±ã¯ã蚌æ ããªãéãHuanzalaãžææ Œãã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸãããåžå Žã¯äžåäžã§ããäžè¬çãªã¯ã³ã¶ã©ç£ãã€ã©ã€ãã¯å ¥æå¯èœã§ãããè¯è³ªãªé»ééåœæã¯æç¶çã«ããçŸãããéåžžã¯åœæãå°éãšããåéå®¶ããã«ãŒã®å®çªåããŸãã¯ç¡«åç©ã®æèšååéå®¶ã«åžåãããŸããéãå ã ã®é»éé blades ãæã€ãããã¥ã¢ã¯ãæ¬ ãã倧ããªãã¬ãŒããããæãŸããããšãå€ãã§ããéãåœå æ¹æ¶åœ¢ãã¢ã«ã»ãããªite ã®é 眮ãç³è±ãèç³ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã³ããå€ãç£å°æ å ±ãçµã¿åãããæšæ¬ãã远æ±ãã¹ããã®ã§ãã## Stories & Field Notes
Huanzalaâs specimen trade has always had the flavor of a high-Andean mineral bazaar operating in the shadow of a serious industrial mine. When mineral buyers were known to be in residence, women would gather around them calling out the dayâs offerings: âI have good Chispas today,â âI have cocos today,â âI have cuadros today,â and âI have triangulos today.â The vocabulary was a local market language for pyriteâsparkling chispas, pyritohedral cocos, cubic cuadros, and octahedral triangulos. One account compared the shouting to the sound of the stock market, each person announcing what her âstockâ was doing that day.
The best specimens were not always sitting on tables. Miners living in dirt-floored houses sometimes buried their finest pyrites beneath the floor and dug them up only when a trusted buyer appeared. In 1991, one buyer arrived at about 2 a.m.âan hour that made sense because specimen selling at the mine was not permitted. The miner was drunk but able to work. He dug into the floor until the shovel went âtingâ against the hidden pyrite. When the dirt was brushed away, the important crystal areas were still intact. Three large pieces emerged, the biggest about 30 kg. A deal was made quickly, before police could arrive, and then came the practical problem: how to move that much pyrite out of Huanzala in the middle of the night. A storekeeper with a three-wheeled bicycle was found. The pyrite went into the front basket, burlap went over the crystals, and the load was hand-wheeled up the road in the dark.
At shift changes during the height of chispas production, miners came out with specially sewn knapsacks packed with pyrite. Each could carry around 50 kg. The men were coated head to foot in black pyrite dust, looking more like coal miners than Andean base-metal miners. They were working in what one account called a totally pyritic environment. A single shift could bring out a ton or more of specimen pyrite, quickly sorted by size and price, and then swallowed by the world market. Since about 1989, that flood of chispas pyrite declined sharply.
The great 1988 pyrite find began almost deceptively. A buyer in Lima thought he had purchased the tail end of an outstanding pocket of octahedral pyrite clusters. Instead, those first specimens were only the beginning. The mine went on strike, and while normal ore work was interrupted, miners and local men had more time to collect. Material poured out until about mid-December. The crystals were huge: average octahedra of 8â10 cm, a largest measured edge of about 20 cm seen in Lima, and reports of a specimen around 150 kg that one dealer declined because the quality was not high enough. As many as 100 pieces may have weighed 50 kg or more. The find was too large-crystalled for thumbnails; even good small-cabinet pieces were scarce. Some pieces had lustrous angular growth pits, some carried drusy quartz, and some showed fractured and rehealed pyrite.ãããã®è©±ã¯äž»ã«é»ééé±ïŒãã€ã©ã€ãïŒã«é¢ãããã®ã§ãããã¯ã³ã¶ã©ç£ãã€ãããé±ã®éèŠãªèæ¯ãæããŠããŸãããªãéåžžã®ã¯ã³ã¶ã©ç£ãã€ã©ã€ããè±å¯ã§ããã€ããç³ã®åœçµæ¶ãç¹å¥ã§ããã®ãã説æããŠããŸãã倧éã®ãã€ã©ã€ããæåºã§ããé±å±±ã§ãReliquiaç£ã®éãåœå æ¹æ¶ç³»ãã€ãããé±åœ¢æ âç¹ã«ãã€ã©ã€ããžãšå€æããããçŽ éãçž«ãåããããããã®âã¯ãã¯ããã«çããé±ç©åŠçã«åŸ®åŠãªçç£ã®æµãã«å±ããŸãã## é±ç©åŠçèšé²ãšåè¡ç©- å€·åŽæµ©äž, 倧å·é ä¹ä», ç°äžå¹žåèïŒâãã«ãŒã»ã¯ã³ã¶ã©é±åºã®å°è³ªç¹åŸŽ,â Mining Geology, 23å·», no. 120, 265â274, 1973 â Mitsuiã®æ¢é±ã1968å¹Žã®ææ¥éå§ãå±€äœå¢çé±åºç¹åŸŽãé»éµç€¬å垯ãäž»ãªç¡«åç©-䌎çé±ç©çŸ€ã«ã€ããŠèšè¿°ããåæçŸä»£å°è³ªè«æã
çŠçŸœçŸ©æ£, çžå·æž , Kawasaki Masashi, âHuanzalaé±å±±ã®å°è³ªãšé±åº â é±ç©åŠçç ç©¶,â Mining Geology, 30å·», no. 160, 103â117, 1980 â Huanzala Pb-Znãš Cu é é±ãããã©ã€ãçžãã¹ã«ã«ã³çžããããŠâçœå°âæ¹å€ã¿ã€ãã«åããéèŠãªé±ç©åŠçåé¡ã
ä»äºç§æš¹, Kawasaki Masashi, Yamaguchi Mitsuo, Takahashi Mikio, âHuanzalaé±å±±ã®é±åãšå ±çäœçšïŒäžå€®ãã«ãŒ,â Economic Geology, 80å·», no. 2, 461â478, 1985 â é±åºã®äž»èŠãªå ±çè«æã§ãHuanzalaã®é±ç©åºçŸïŒããããé±ãå«ãïŒã«ã€ããŠäœåºŠãåŒçšãããã
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Jack A. Crowley, Terry Szenics, and Rock H. Currier, âThe Raura-Huanzala Group,â The Mineralogical Record, 28å·», no. 4, 1997 â Huanzalaæšæ¬ã®å¿ èªã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒæç®ãReliquiaãé»éé±ã®é»ééåŸã arsenopyriteåŸããã¹ãã¹ã»é»éé±ããããŠåžå ŽæŽå²ãå«ãã
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å®®è亮, 暪山å¥, æŸåè, å€ç°å, åŸèŠå®, æäžç²å, âHuanzalaite, MgWO4, ãã«ãŒã®Huanzalaé±å±±ããã®æ°é±ç©çš®,â The Canadian Mineralogist, 48, no. 1, 105â112, 2010 â ãã€ãããç³ã®è«æã§ã¯ãªãããHuanzalaãæšæºç£å°ãšããŠã®å°äœã確ç«ããè€éå±é±ç©ç³»çµ±ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠã§ããã## Videos & Media
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