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Search for specimens: View all calcite specimens from Elmwood Mine, USA
Elmwood Mine is near Carthage in Smith County, Tennessee, in the Central Tennessee Ba-F-Pb-Zn District. The mine is part of the Middle Tennessee zinc complex that also includes Gordonsville and Cumberland. In collector usage, âElmwoodâ is sometimes applied rather broadly to material from the closely related mine complex, but the classic locality name remains Elmwood Mine, Carthage, Smith County, Tennessee, USA.
The deposit is Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in carbonate rocks. Ore-grade zinc occurs in dissolution cavities and collapse breccias of the upper Knox Group, especially the Mascot Formation. The open spaces in those breccias are the collectorâs story: fragments of carbonate host rock and earlier mineralization became pocket walls and platforms for sphalerite, fluorite, barite and calcite. Mineralizing fluids were low-temperature by ore-deposit standards, commonly reported in roughly the 85â130°C to 90â130°C range. That is exactly the sort of hydrothermal environment in which large, open-space calcite crystals can grow without the violent disruption typical of many vein systems.
The discovery history is one of the more unusual stories in American base-metal exploration. New Jersey Zinc began drilling in Middle Tennessee in the 1960s, guided partly by indications from oil and gas test-hole records rather than obvious mineralized outcrops. Widely spaced drill holes were used in what later became known as a âRandom Walkâ exploration strategy. The first major ore intercept came after years of drilling, and follow-up work confirmed a large buried zinc body. Production began in 1975 after years of exploration, shaft work and mill construction.
Industrial ownership changed through time. The early New Jersey Zinc and Jersey MiniÚre Zinc period gave way to later operators, and Nyrstar acquired and consolidated the Tennessee operations in 2009. Elmwood was worked as part of an underground zinc-mining complex tied to the Gordonsville processing facilities. Production has not been continuous in the collecting sense; the mine and complex have had closures, restarts and pauses governed by zinc economics. Nyrstar announced a production pause for the Middle Tennessee Mines in late 2023, and locality records now treat Elmwood as closed as of the end of 2023.
Elmwood is not a public collecting site. It is private industrial mine property, underground, and access has always been controlled. The great specimens reached the mineral market through mine recovery during commercial operations, miners, commercial collector arrangements, old stocks and later dealer dispersals. For present-day collectors, legitimate acquisition is through reputable dealers, auctions, old collections and documented estate material, not field collecting.èåãªçºèŠã¯å šãµã€ãºç¯å²ã«ããããŸãïŒå®ç³è³ªã®åçµæ¶ã®ãµã ãã€ã«ãšãããã¥ã¢ãæ¹è§£ç³ã巚倧æ¹è§£ç³äžã«èŒã£ã cabinet æšæ¬ããã¬ã·ã¢äžã®æ¹è§£ç³ã»æ¹è§£ç³ã»æ¡ç³ã®å€§ããªãã¬ãŒãããããŠåç©é€šèŠæš¡ã®äœåãå ¬è¡šããã Elmwood ã®ç³ç°å²©äžã®æ¹è§£ç³æšæ¬ã®äžã€ã¯ 49.5 cm ãšèšé²ãããŠãããæé«ã®ãã±ããææãããã«å€§ãããªãåŸããã瀺ããŠããŸãã## Elmwoodé±å±±ïŒUSAïŒã®æ¹è§£ç³ã®ç¹åŸŽ
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ææžåãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®è°è«ã¯ãé±å±±ã®æ¢ç¥ã®é±ç©åŠãç¿æ§ãšåããªããšãããElmwoodæ¹è§£ç³ãåããŠããŸãããçãããè±åœ¢ã®æ¹è§£ç³å¡ãäºæ³ãããé¢é£é±ç©ã®æ¬ åŠãå«ããã®ããããŸãããããã¯ããã¹ãŠã®åºè³ªãªãåçµæ¶ãçããããšããããšã§ã¯ãããŸãããå€ãã® genuine Elmwood æ¹è§£ç³ã¯ããªãã³ã°ããããåçµæ¶ãšããŠåéããããããŠããŸããæå³ããã®ã¯åºæãéèŠã ãšããããšã§ããå€ãã©ãã«ãåéå±¥æŽããã£ãŒã©ãŒã®è©å€ãæ¢ç¥ã®Elmwoodææãšã®èŠèŠçäžè²«æ§ã¯ãã¹ãŠçèŽå€æã®äžéšã§ãã
åžå°æ§ã¯éå±€åãããŠããŸãã Elmwoodæ¹è§£ç³ã¯ãå°åã»äžåã¯åŒãç¶ãå ¥æå¯èœã§ããé±å±±ãé·å¹Žã«ãããè±å¯ãªææãçç£ããå€ãåšåº«ãæµéãç¶ããŠããããã§ããè¯å¥œãªåèµæšæ¬ã¯ããåžå°ã§ãã倧ãããŠæå·ããªããè²ãè±ãã§ãèç³ãŸãã¯èå ç³ã®åºè³ªäžã«äºç«¯åçµæ¶ãæã€æšæ¬ã¯å®éã«å ¥æãé£ããã§ããåç©é€šçŽã®äœåãæŽå²çã«éèŠãªæ§åšåº«æšæ¬ã¯å¥ã®ã«ããŽãªãŒã§ããçŸããå Žåãæ¹è§£ç³å°éå®¶ãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ç£ locality ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®åæ¹ã«ãã£ãŠè¿œæ±ãããåŸåããããŸããåžå Žã§ã®å ¥æå¯èœæ§ã¯2026幎æç¹ã§ãäŸç¶ãšããŠæŽ»åçã§ãããå€ãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããã£ãŒã©ãŒã®åšåº«ãææã®äžæ¬æŸåºã«ãããŸããŸãäŸå床ãé«ããªã£ãŠããŸããé±å±±è€åäœã®åæ¢ãšééã®å±¥æŽã¯ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒã®å¿çãå€ããŸããïŒè³Œå ¥è ã¯ãã¯ã次ã®ãã±ããã売åŽåã代æ¿ãããšã¯èããŸãããçå£ãªè³Œå ¥ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãè€æ°ã®åçãç¶æ é瀺ãäž»èŠãªçµæ¶ã®å¯žæ³ã修埩ã埩å ã«ã€ããŠã®æç¢ºãªèšè¿°ãæ±ããŠãã ããã## Stories & Field Notes
Elmwood began not with a prospector splitting open a glittering boulder, but with a kind of geological faith. In the early 1960s, New Jersey Zinc geologists were looking at a region where the target rocks were deeply buried and surface clues were poor. Oil and gas test-hole records hinted that the upper Knox Group might carry zinc mineralization, but the Knox did not conveniently crop out where a geologist could walk up and swing a hammer. Under William H. Callahanâs exploration direction, geologists Al Hoagland, Fred Fisher, Ray Gilbert and Allan Stagg laid out widely spaced test holes, five to six miles apart.
The program kept going for years. Later technical summaries called it the âRandom Walk,â a phrase that sounds casual until one remembers the cost of deep diamond drilling. Hole 79 gave the first major encouragement. Then hole 106, drilled about 1,000 feet west of No. 79, cut 17 feet of 18 percent zinc. A later technical report describes the same decisive intercept as 5.1 meters of 18.5 percent Zn. From that moment the anonymous countryside around Elmwood became a target. A 3,000-meter grid was laid out around the discovery hole, and about 100 additional holes were drilled on 300-meter centers.
The confirmation phase was not timid. One government summary describes the choice after further drilling: drill another 100 close-spaced holes, or sink an exploratory shaft to 1,325 feet and drive 10,000 feet of exploratory drifts. The shaft-and-drift plan won. By the time production began in 1975, 11 years had passed from the first diamond drill hole, and approximately $15 million had been spent. When the discovery became public in January 1969, rival companies rushed in. At the height of the play, 69 drill rigs were operating on the Nashville Dome.
Collectors were watching from the beginning. In 1969, The Picking Table congratulated Callahan and New Jersey Zinc and added a collectorâs wish: perhaps the new deposits would be well crystallized and produce attractive display specimens. Eight years later, with the mine in production, John L. Baum reported that the wish had been answered. The cavities, he wrote, were sometimes larger than an adult collector and were lined with spectacular crystals of calcite, sphalerite, barite, galena and fluorite. They were âbreathtaking in their perfectionâ and many were of gem quality. Arrangements had been made with a commercial collector, and Baum added a sentence that captures the underground reality of many great mining localities: âAnd, we may be sure that the miners will also help.âãã®æ¡æè ã®ç®ç·ã®äžçã¯ããšã«ã ãŠããç£ã«ã«ãµã€ãã«ããã€ãã®ããã¯ããŒã ãäžããã late materialãæ±ã£ããã£ãŒã©ãŒã¯ãé±å€«ãã¡ã倧ããªãªã¬ã³ãžè²ã®ã«ã«ãµã€ãçµæ¶ãããããããŒã«ããšåŒã³ãããéæã§å®ç³è³ªã®ã«ã«ãµã€ããããžã¥ãšã«ããšåŒãã§ãããšèšé²ããŠããã2014幎æ«ã®ãã±ããã®äžã«ã¯ãåŸã«ãã£ãŒã©ãŒãçŽ50ãã©ããåã®æšæ¬ãä»åããããšèªãã»ã©ã®ææãç£åºãããã»ãšãã©ã¯æå·ããŠãããæé·ãçç Žãæ¡æãåãæ±ãããããŠããªãã³ã°ã®éçšãçµãŠããæé·ããé«å質ã®ããŒã¹ã ãããçŽ æŽãããæšæ¬ã«ãªãã®ã«ååã«çãæ®ã£ãã
ãã®ç£å°ã«ã¯ãããéããªåç©é€šã®ç©èªããããã«ã€ã¹ã»ãšã«ãããã¯1980幎代ã«ãšã«ã ãŠããé±ç©ã®åéãšç ç©¶ãå§ããé±å±±ã®æãçç£çãªæä»£ããçŠç¹ãçµã£ãæšæ¬çŸ€ãäœãäžããã2016å¹Žã®æ»åŸããã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯ããã«ã»ããã·ãŒèªç¶å²åç©é€šã«å¯èŽãããåç©é€šã®ãšã«ã ãŠããæèµåã®åºç€ãšãªã£ãã private cabinet ããã£ãŒã©ãŒã®åšåº«ãžãšæ¶ããããæé«å質ã®çµæ¶ãæã€é±å±±ãšããŠããã®å¯èŽã¯éèŠã§ããããšã«ã ãŠããã®éºç£ã®äžéšãçãã ããã·ãŒå·ã®å°ã«è¿ãå Žæã«æ®ããããŠããã## é±ç©åŠçèšé²ãšåè¡ç©- Kyle, J. R. âBrecciation, alteration and mineralization in the Central Tennessee zinc district.â Economic Geology 71, no. 5 (1976): 892â903. ãã£ã¹ããªã¯ãã«ããããã¬ãã·ã¢ã·ãªã³ãšé±åã«é¢ããåºç€çå°è³ªåŠè«æã
Callahan, W. H. âThe History of the Discovery of the Zinc Deposit at Elmwood, TennesseeâConcept and Consequence.â Economic Geology 72, no. 7 (1977): 1382â1392. äž»èŠãªé±ç©çºèŠã®æŽå²ãèŠçŽããç±³æ¿åºåè¡ç©ã®ããŒãã£ã¹ã«ããªãŒãã¹ããªãŒæºã
Kearns, Lance E., and F. Howard Campbell. âFamous Mineral Localities: The Elmwood and Gordonsville Zinc Mines near Carthage, Tennessee.â The Mineralogical Record 9, no. 4 (1978): 213â218. ElmwoodãšGordonsvilleãåºç¯ãªé±ç©ãã¡ã³ãžç޹ä»ããå€å žçãªã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒåãããŒã«ãªãã£èšäºã
Wilson, Wendell E. âWhatâs New in Minerals? â New discoveries at Elmwood, Tennessee.â The Mineralogical Record 12, no. 1 (1981): 47. æ°ããæ¡éææãèšé²ããçå ±ã
Gaylord, W. B., and J. A. Briskey. âSummary of the geology of the Elmwood-Gordonsville mining complex, Central Tennessee zinc district.â In Tennessee Zinc Deposit Field Trip Guidebook 9 (1983): 116â151. éèŠãªé±å±±è€åå°è³ªåç §ã
Seal, R. R., B. J. Cooper and J. R. Craig. âAnisotropic sphalerite of the Elmwood-Gordonsville deposits, Tennessee.â The Canadian Mineralogist 23 (1985): 83â88. ãã©ãžã§ãã·ã¹ãé¢é£é±ç©ããªãŒãã³ã»ããŒã«ç¶çµæ¶èšè¿°ã«æçšã
Gratz, Jeffrey F. âParagenesis and evolution of mineralizing fluids, Gordonsville Mine, Central Tennessee zinc district.â M.S. thesis, University of Tennessee, 1986. å°åºã®Gordonsvilleéšã«é¢é£ããæµäœå èµãšãã©ãžã§ãã·ã¹ã®è©³çްç ç©¶ã
Misra, K. C., J. F. Gratz and C. Lu. âCarbonate-hosted Mississippi Valley-Type mineralization in the Elmwood-Gordonsville deposits, central Tennessee zinc district: a synthesis.â Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 4 (1997): 58â73. åºåã®MVTé±åã«é¢ããçµ±åçãªåèæç®ã
EarthWonders specimen record citing The Mineralogical Record Volume 51, Issue 5, page 94, Figure 52. Elmwoodç£ã®ç³ç°å²©äžã®49.5 cmã«ã«ãµã€ãã瀺ãèšé²ã§ãå€å žçãªåŽ©èœã»ãã¬ãã·ã¢ãã±ããã®èšå®ãèŠçŽã
History of the Elmwood Mine â Lewis Elrod Elmwood Mine Collection, Middle Tennessee Museum of Natural History. ãã¥ãŒãžã¢ã 飿ºã®Elmwoodé±å±±ã®æŽå²ãšæèµæèããšã«ã ãŠããé±ç©çŸ€ã## Videos & Media
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Wikimedia Commons: âCalcite in Elmwood Mineâ subcategory Elmwood ã®æ¹è§£ç³æšæ¬ã®çŠç¹ç»åã®ã£ã©ãªãŒãã¯ã©ã·ãã¯ãªã¢ã³ããŒåã®ã¹ã«ã¬ããããã³ãçµã¿åããæšæ¬ã倿°åé²ã## æŽãªãèªã¿ç©ãšå€éšãªã³ã¯
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The Picking Table, 1977幎3æ: âThe New Jersey Zinc Company Elmwood Tennessee Discoveryâ çºèŠã®åœæã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒæä»£ã®èšé²ãåæçç£ãšçµæ¶ãã±ããã®èšè¿°ã
ScienceDirect: âEnzyme leach anomalies associated with deep Mississippi Valley-type zinc ore bodies at the Elmwood Mine, Tennesseeâ æ¢æ»å°çååŠè«æã§ãElmwoodçºèŠã®ç²æ€æ§ãæç¢ºã«èŠçŽã
McDougall Minerals: Calcite (Twinned), Elmwood Mine 販売è ã¢ãŒã«ã€ãã2014幎åŸåã®ã«ã«ãµã€ããã±ãããšé±å±±å£«ã®ããããããŒã«ãããã³ãå®ç³ãçšèªã®æçšãªæ³šèšã
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