Quartz (Petrified Wood)

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Attractive polished slab of petrified wood.Petrified wood forms through a geological process called permineralization, which begins when fallen trees are rapidly buried by sediment or volcanic ash. This burial excludes oxygen, preventing aerobic decay, while silica-rich groundwater flows through the plant tissues over thousands to millions of years. The dissolved minerals gradually replace the organic cell walls and fill the empty spaces, preserving the original cellular structure of the wood as quartz, chalcedony, or opal. Historically, these durable stone logs have been used by humans for thousands of years to craft projectile points and tools. Recognition of major deposits, such as the Petrified Forest in Arizona, led to early geological studies in the nineteenth century and subsequent government protections to prevent the commercial depletion of these fossil sites.